主动围压下岩石爆破裂纹扩展及邻近巷道动态响应

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1089

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究围压作用下岩石爆破和相邻巷道的破坏过程,采用带有炮孔含城门洞形巷道结构岩石试件进行实验,利用动态测试技术和高速摄像等方法,得到岩石动态破坏过程。基于HJC本构模型建立含有巷道和单爆破孔的岩石模型,将无围压下的仿真结果与实验结果进行对比,验证数值模拟方法的可行性。在仿真软件平台中引入应力初始化的方法模拟围压下岩石的破坏过程,分析不同围压环境对岩石爆破裂纹扩展的影响以及偏围压系数k对巷道结构破坏过程的影响。研究结果表明:在双向等围压条件下,随着围压水平的提高,对裂纹的抑制作用越显著,对于巷道有更好的保护作用;在单向围压条件下,随着水平围压的增大,巷道遭到破坏程度越大,随着竖直围压的增大,巷道越不容易发生破坏;偏围压条件下,围压对于爆生裂纹扩展具有明显的导向性,裂纹会朝着主应力的方向扩展,随着围压的增大,裂纹导向性越显著;当偏围压系数k<1时,裂纹主要沿竖直方向扩展,巷道并未发生破坏,当k>1时,随着k的增大,巷道迎爆面左拱肩的破坏程度越大,巷道稳定性越差。

关键词: 岩石爆破, 围压, 工程爆破, 巷道防护

Abstract:

In order to study the failure process of rock blasting and adjacent roadway under confining pressure, the rock rectangular plate specimen with blast hole and roadway structure is tested, and the dynamic damage process of rock is obtained by using dynamic testing technology and high-speed camera method. A rock model containing roadway and single blasting hole is established based on Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) constitutive model. The simulated results without confining pressure are compared with the test results, and the feasibility of the numerical simulation method is verified. The stress initialization method is introduced into a finite element simulation platform to simulate the rock failure process under confining pressure, and the influences of different confining pressure environments on the rock blasting crack growth and the influence of partial confining pressure coefficient (k) on the failure process of roadway structure are analyzed. The results show that, under the condition of bidirectional constant confining pressure, the inhibition effect on crack is more significant and the protection effect on roadway is better with the increase in confining pressure level. Under the condition of unidirectional confining pressure, the roadway is damaged more seriously with the increase in horizontal confining pressure, and the roadway is less prone to failure with the increase in vertical confining pressure. Under the condition of partial confining pressure, the confining pressure has obvious guiding effect on the propagation of explosive crack, and the crack will expand in the direction of the principal stress. With the increase in confining pressure, the conductivity of crack is more significant. For partial confining pressure coefficient k<1, the cracks mainly spread in the vertical direction, and the roadway does not fail. For k>1, the greater the damage degree of the left spandrel of blasting face of roadway is with the increase in k, the worse the stability of the roadway is.

Key words: rock blasting, confining pressure, engineering blasting, roadway protection

中图分类号:

O382.2

毛翔, 何成龙, 陈大勇, 杨可谞, 霍子怡. 主动围压下岩石爆破裂纹扩展及邻近巷道动态响应[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(12): 4323-4338.

MAO Xiang, HE Chenglong, CHEN Dayong, YANG Kexu, HUO Ziyi. Rock Blasting Crack Propagation and Dynamic Response of Adjacent Roadway Structure under Active Confining Pressure[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(12): 4323-4338.

图/表 31

图1 试件示意图及钻孔位置

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of specimen and borehole location

图2 高速摄像机布置

Fig.2 Arrangement of high-speed camera

图3 实验示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of experiment

图4 5号导爆索

Fig.4 Structure of 5# detonating cord

图5 8号雷管触发信号示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the trigger signal from the 8# military detonater

图6 反射应力波在模型中的传播路径

Fig.6 Propagation path of reflected stress wave in the model

图7 几何示意图

Fig.7 Geometric diagram

图8 有限元模型

Fig.8 Finite element model

表1 HJC本构模型参数[20-21]

Table 1 HJC model parameters[20-21]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(kg·m^-3)	3020	D₁	0.04
f_c/MPa	120	D₂	1.0
A	0.28	p_crush/MPa	40
B	2.5	p_lock/GPa	1.2
C	0.00186	μ_lock	0.002
N	0.79	EF_min	0.01
S_max	5	FS	0.035
G/GPa	28.7	K₁/GPa	12
T/MPa	8	K₂/GPa	25
μ_crush	0.0075	K₃/GPa	42

表2 炸药材料参数

Table 2 Material parameters of explosive

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(kg·m^-3)	1000	R₁	4.15
D/m·s^-1	6000	R₂	0.95
p_cj/GPa	21	ω	0.3
A/GPa	371	E₀/GPa	7
B/GPa	3.23	V₀	1.0

表3 空气材料参数

Table 3 Material parameters of air

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(kg·m^-3)	1.29	C₄	0.4
C₀/MPa	0	C₅	0.4
C₁	0	C₆	0
C₂	0	E₀/(MJ·m^-3)	0.25
C₃	0	V_a	1.0

表4 不同围压加载工况

Table 4 Different partial confining pressure loading conditions

工况	p_h/MPa	p_v/MPa	k
1	0	0
2	5	5	1
3	10	10	1
4	15	15	1
5	5	0
6	10	0
7	15	0
8	0	5	0
9	0	10	0
10	0	15	0
11	15	2.5	6
12	15	5	3
13	15	7.5	2
14	7.5	15	0.5

图9 岩石动态破坏过程

Fig.9 Dynamic failure process of rock

图10 实验结果

Fig.10 Experimental result

图11 模拟结果与实验结果对比

Fig.11 Comparison of simulated and experimental results

图12 无围压下裂纹扩展

Fig.12 Crack propagation without confining pressure

图13 k=1、pv=5MPa工矿下岩石von Mises应力分布

Fig.13 von Mises stress distribution about rock for k=1 and pv=5MPa

表5 双向等围压下岩石应力云图

Table 5 Stress nephogram of rock under bidirectional constant confining pressure

图14 不同等向围压下裂纹扩展长度随时间变化

Fig.14 Variation of crack length with time under different isotropic confining pressures

图15 双向等围压加载裂纹扩展

Fig.15 Crack growth under isotropic confining pressure(t=100μs)

图16 pv取值为5MPa、10MPa和15MPa时岩石应力分布

Fig.16 Stress distribution of rock for pv=5MPa, 10MPa and 15MPa

图17 竖直方向围压加载裂纹扩展

Fig.17 Crack growth under vertical confining pressure loading

图18 ph分别取值5MPa、10MPa和15MPa时岩石应力分布

Fig.18 Stress distribution of rock for ph=5MPa, 10MPa and 15MPa

图19 水平方向围压加载裂纹扩展

Fig.19 Crack growth under horizontal confining pressure loading

图20 k取值为2、3和6时岩石应力分布

Fig.20 Stress distribution of rock for k=2, 3 and 6

表6 不同偏围压系数下岩石应力云图

Table 6 Rock stress nephogram under different partial confining pressure coefficients

图21 不同偏围压系数下裂纹扩展

Fig.21 Crack growth under different partial confining pressures

图22 椭圆形裂纹分布长轴与短轴比值λ随k的变化

Fig.22 The ratio of long axis to short axis of elloptic crack distribution changing with k

图23 监测点的布置

Fig.23 Layout of detection point

图24 不同偏围压系数下裂纹扩展图

Fig.24 Circumferential stresses at detection point for different k

图25 不同偏围压系数下F点环向应力

Fig.25 Circumferential stress at point F under different k

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