聚能射流侵彻隔板形成的前驱冲击波起爆不同温度炸药特性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.01.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 弹药在聚能射流作用下的反应机制和响应规律，对弹药安全性研究具有重要意义。针对隔板中前驱冲击波起爆炸药机制及炸药温度的影响，开展实验和数值模拟研究。设计大尺寸装药聚能射流侵彻不同厚度隔板，起爆加热炸药的实验装置，采用上下两端加热和侧面保温的方式，实现炸药均匀加热和温度控制。选取黑索今(RDX)含铝(Al)炸药(炸药配方质量比：RDX∶Al∶粘结剂为61%∶30%∶9%)在不同温度和隔板厚度下进行射流侵彻起爆实验，基于脉冲X光高速照相法，观测射流侵彻过程及炸药爆轰波成长。建立考虑炸药温度变化的射流起爆炸药计算模型，对射流侵彻隔板形成的前驱冲击波起爆炸药进行数值模拟。结果表明：射流侵彻厚隔板形成的前驱冲击波，先于射流到达炸药表面，在传入炸药一定深度后起爆炸药。入射压力介于3.1 GPa和5.13 GPa 之间，炸药发生隔板中前驱冲击波起爆，入射压力高于5.13 GPa为直接冲击起爆。RDX含铝炸药温度对前驱冲击波起爆炸药有很大影响，在25~111 ℃时，随着温度升高，炸药受粘结剂软化的影响为主，RDX含铝炸药对冲击波感度降低；但超过一定温度后，在111~150 ℃时，粘结剂的影响减弱，冲击感度主要受RDX炸药感度的影响，冲击感度又会增加。

关键词: 加热黑索今含铝炸药, 聚能射流, 冲击起爆, 隔板中前驱冲击波起爆

Abstract: The reaction mechanism and response law of ammunition under the impact of shaped jets are of great significance to the study of ammunition safety. The initiation caused by shock waves formed in bulkhead and the effects of explosive temperatures in experiment and numerical simulation are mainly researched. An experimental device was designed for the large-sized shaped-charge jet penetrating the different thick bulkheads to initiate heated explosives. The upper and lower ends of explosive charge are heated, and its side keeps warm to achieve the uniform heating and temperature control of the charge. Jet-penetrating initiation experiments of RDX-based aluminized explosives (mass ratio of RDX, Al and adhesivein explosive formulation is 61%∶30%∶9%) were performed under the conditions of different temperatures and bulkhead thicknesses. Flash X-ray high-speed radiography was used to observe the jet penetration process and detonation wave. A temperature-dependent simulation model of jet initiating explosives was established, and large quantities of numerical simulations were made on the initiation caused by shock waves, which were formed in jet penetrating the bulkhead. It is found that the precursor shock waves are formed in bulkhead by jet penetrating the thick bulkhead, and reach the surface of the explosive earlier than the jet does, and the explosive is detonated after the shock waves propagate in the explosive at a certain depth. When the incident pressure is between 3.1 GPa and 5.13 GPa, the explosive is detonated by shock waves formed in bulkhead. When the incident pressure is higher than 5.13 GPa, the impact initiation occurs. The explosive temperature has a great influence on the precursor shock wave initiation mechanism. It is suggested that the shock sensitivity of the explosive to the jet decreases with the increasing temperature at 25-110 ℃, mainly because of binder softening. However, at 110-170 ℃, the influence of the soften binder is weak, and the shock sensitivity increases when the temperature exceeds a certain value, which depends on the increasing sensitivity of RDX.

Key words: heatedRDX-basedaluminizedexplosive, shaped-chargejet, shockinitiation, initiationbyshockwavesformedinbulkhead

中图分类号:

赵聘，陈朗，李金河，鲁建英，伍俊英. 聚能射流侵彻隔板形成的前驱冲击波起爆不同温度炸药特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(1): 45-55.

ZHAO Pin， CHEN Lang， LI Jinhe， LU Jianying， WU Junying. The Characteristics of Explosives Initiated by Precursor Shock Waves in Shaped Charge Jet Penetrating a Bulkhead at DifferentTemperatures[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(1): 45-55.

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