基于气流粉碎法的超细类球形高氯酸铵批量制备及其表征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2017.11.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用经过改进的气流粉碎机直接制备了超细类球形高氯酸铵(AP)粒子，通过扫描电子显微镜、激光干法粒度仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪表征了原料AP、超细非球形AP和超细类球形AP 的形貌、粒度、样品成分和晶体结构。对同粒度超细类球形AP与非球形AP粒子的热分解性能、机械感度、堆积密度、吸湿性与结块性进行了测试。结果表明，利用气流粉碎法直接制备的超细AP粒子基本为类球形，粒度大约2 μm，粒度均匀，表面光滑无缺陷，且分散性良好，过程无杂质引入。球形化后AP粒子相比同粒度非球形AP粒子：热稳定性略微提高，撞击感度降低37.6%，摩擦感度降低26.7%；松装堆积密度提高了10.7%，振实密度提高了24%；吸湿与结块性明显改善。

关键词: 兵器科学与技术, 高氯酸铵, 气流粉碎, 球形化, 机械感度, 热分解性能, 吸湿性

Abstract: Ultrafine sphere-like ammonium perchlorate (AP) particles are prepared by using an improved jet mill. The morphologies, particle size distributions, sample compositions and molecular structures of raw, ultrafine non-spherical and sphere-like APs are characterized by using scanning electron microscope, micron laser particle size analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and X-ray diffractomer. The thermal decomposition, impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity, bulk density, hygroscopicity and caking of ultrafine sphere-like and non-spherical AP particles with same size are measured. The results indicate that the ultrafine AP particles prepared by jet milling method are basically sphere-like with particle size of 2 μm. The AP particles also have the characteristics of uniform particle size, smooth surface without defect, good dispersion and high purity. Compared with non- spherical AP particles with the same size, the thermal stability of sphere-like AP particles is improved slightly, and their impact and friction sensitivities are decreased by 37.6% and 26.7%, respectively; the apparent bulk density is increased by 10.7%, the tap density is increased by 24%；hygroscopicity and caking are effectively improved. Key

Key words: ordnancescienceandtechnology, ammoniumperchlorate, jetmill, sphericization, mechanicalsensitivity, thermaldecompositionperformance, hygroscopicity

中图分类号:

TJ55

李广超，梁振宗，梁力，郭效德. 基于气流粉碎法的超细类球形高氯酸铵批量制备及其表征[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(11): 2098-2104.

LI Guang-chao, LIANG Zhen-zong, LIANG Li, GUO Xiao-de. Mass Preparation of Ultrafine Sphere-like AP Particles by Jet Milling and Their Characterization[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2017, 38(11): 2098-2104.

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第38卷第11期2017 年11月兵工学报ACTA
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