纳米碳酸锶/高氯酸铵复合粒子的制备及其撞击感度和热分解性能研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2020.07.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用超声辅助共沉淀法制备纳米碳酸锶（SrCO₃），通过溶剂-非溶剂法制备纳米碳酸锶/高氯酸铵（SrCO₃/AP）复合粒子。采用透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)分别对纳米SrCO₃的形貌、粒径、晶型和纳米SrCO₃/AP复合粒子的复合效果进行表征。对纯AP和纳米SrCO₃含量分别为2%、4%、6%的SrCO₃/AP复合粒子进行撞击感度测试；采用差示扫描量热仪分别对纯AP、纳米SrCO₃/AP复合粒子和相同比例的纳米SrCO₃与AP的简单混合物进行热分析。通过马弗炉将纳米SrCO₃/AP复合粒子分别在350 ℃和500 ℃下煅烧1 h，对煅烧后的产物作XRD表征，研究纳米SrCO₃的作用机理。结果表明：采用超声辅助共沉淀法制备出的纳米SrCO₃为类球形，粒径在60 nm左右，晶型为斜方晶系；制备出的纳米SrCO₃/AP复合粒子中，微米级的AP表面均匀分布着纳米SrCO₃，纳米SrCO₃的加入会使AP的撞击感度增加；通过两种不同方式添加的纳米SrCO₃均能升高AP的高温分解峰温度，对AP的低温分解没有影响；与纳米SrCO₃和AP的简单混合物相比，纳米SrCO₃/AP复合粒子中AP的高温分解峰值温度升高6.02 ℃，将纳米SrCO₃与AP进行复合后可以提高纳米SrCO₃对AP高温分解的负催化作用。

关键词: 纳米碳酸锶, 碳酸锶/高氯酸铵复合粒子, 撞击感度, 热分解, 负催化

Abstract: Nano-SrCO₃ was prepared by ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation, and nano-SrCO₃/AP composite particles were prepared by solvent-nonsolvent method. The morphology, particle size, crystal type and composite effect of nano-SrCO₃/AP composite particles were characterized by transmissive electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD). The impact sensitivities of SrCO₃/AP composites with pure AP and different contents were tested. Thermal decomposition properties of nano-SrCO₃/AP composite particles and a simple mixture of nano-SrCO₃ and AP were analyzed by using DSC. The nano-SrCO₃/AP composite particles were calcined in a muffle furnace at 350 ℃ and 500 ℃, respectively, for 1 h. The calcined products were characterized by XRD, and the action mechanism of nano-SrCO₃ was studied. The results show that nano-SrCO₃ prepared by ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation is spherical with a particle size of about 60 nm, and its crystalline form is orthorhombic. In the nano-SrCO₃/AP composite particles prepared by solvent-nonsolvent method, nano-SrCO₃ is uniformly distributed on the surface of AP. The impact sensitivity of AP increases with the addition of nano-SrCO₃. Nano-SrCO₃ added in two different ways can increase the decomposition peak temperature of AP at high temperature, but has no effect on the decomposition of AP at low temperature. Compared with the simple mixture of nano-SrCO₃ and AP, the peak decomposition temperature of AP in nano-SrCO₃/AP composite particles is increased by 6.02 ℃. It is proved that the negative catalytic effect of nano-SrCO₃ on AP decomposition at high temperature can be improved by compounding nano-SrCO₃ with AP. Key

Key words: nano-strontiumcarbonate, SrCO₃/APcompositeparticle, impactsensitivity, thermaldecomposition, negativecatalysis

中图分类号:

李宽宽，郭效德，梁力，张正金，夏亮，常志鹏. 纳米碳酸锶/高氯酸铵复合粒子的制备及其撞击感度和热分解性能研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(7): 1317-1322.

LI Kuankuan, GUO Xiaode, LIANG Li, ZHANG Zhengjin, XIA Liang, CHANG Zhipeng. Preparation of Nano-SrCO₃/AP Composite Particles and Study of Their Impact Sensitivities and Thermal DecompositionPerformances[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2020, 41(7): 1317-1322.

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第41卷第7期2020 年7月
兵工学报ACTA ARMAMENTARII
Vol.41No.7Jul.2020

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