ADN高能固体推进剂的吸湿性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0536

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用平衡器、高效液相色谱、水接触角和机械感度等方法研究ADN及改性ADN基高能固体推进剂的吸湿规律和感度特性。研究结果表明，ADN基高能固体推进剂样品具有较强的吸湿性，25 ℃，相对湿度75%下吸湿72 h后，增重率达9%，且样品表面出现大量含ADN的液滴；而改性ADN基高能固体推进剂的吸湿性显著降低，增重率仅为0.3%，无液滴出现，主要原因是改性ADN与水的接触角显著增加，由改性前8°增加至78°，降低了ADN与空气中水分子的吸附作用。改性ADN基高能固体推进剂的撞击感度和摩擦感度明显改善，临界撞击能由改性前8.1 J提高至14.3 J，摩擦感度由60%降低至32%，这为ADN在固体推进剂中的应用奠定了一定的基础。

关键词: 固体推进剂, 二硝酰胺铵, 吸湿性, 感度

Abstract: The hygroscopicity and sensitivity of Ammonium Dinitroamide (ADN) and ADN-based solid propellants were comparatively investigated through the use of balancer, high performance liquid chromatography, and analysis of contact angle for water and mechanical sensitivity. The results showed that the ADN-based high-energy solid propellant samples had strong hygroscopicity. At 25°C and a relative humidity of 75%, a large number of ADN-containing droplets appeared on the surface of the propellant sample, after 72 hours of moisture absorption, and the percentage of weight gain was 9%. The hygroscopicity of the modified ADN-based propellant was significantly reduced with a weight gain of only 0.3%, and no droplets appeared. The analysis indicated that the contact angle of the modified ADN with water increased significantly, from 8° before modification to 78° after modification, resulting in the remarkable reduction of the adsorption of the modified ADN with water molecules in the air. The impact sensitivity of the propellant before and after ADN modification was increased from 8.1 J to 14.3 J, and its friction sensitivity before and after ADN modification was reduced from 60% to 32%. The impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of the propellant were both apparently improved. The findings of this work is of great referential significance for the application of ADN in solid propellants.

Key words: solidpropellant, ammoniumdinitramide, hygroscopicity, sensitivity

中图分类号:

TG156

李磊, 王艳薇, 党力, 汪慧思, 杜芳, 陶博文, 胡翔, 周水平, 顾健. ADN高能固体推进剂的吸湿性[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(7): 1614-1619.

LI Lei, WANG Yanwei, DANG Li, WANG Huisi, DU Fang, TAO Bowen, HU Xiang, ZHOU Shuiping, GU Jian. Hygroscopic Properties of Ammonium Dinitroamide-based High Energy Propellant[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(7): 1614-1619.

参考文献

［1］田维平，王立武，王伟.高能固体推进剂技术未来发展和面临的关键技术［J］.固体火箭技术, 2021, 44(1): 4-9.
TIAN W P, WANG L W, WANG W, et al. Technological development and key technical problems in solid rocket technology[J]. Journal of Solid Rocket Technology, 2021, 44(1): 4-9. (in Chinese)
[2］周晓杨, 唐根, 庞爱民. ADN推进剂国外研究进展［J］. 飞航导弹, 2017(2): 87-92.
ZHOU X Y, TANG G, PANG A M, et al. Research progress of ADN-based propellants abroad[J]. Journal of Aerodynamic Missile, 2017(2): 87-92. (in Chinese)
[3］ RENE F B G, LEONARDO H G, ALMEIDA L E N， et al. RMD simulations of ADN and ADN/GAP-based propellant [J]. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2021, 43(118):2-10.
[4］ MURAVYEV N V, KOGA N, MEEROV D B, et al. Kinetic analysis of overlapping multistep thermal decomposition comprising exothermic and endothermic processes: thermolysis of ammonium dinitramide[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2017, 19(4): 3254-3264.
[5］ IZATO Y, KOSHI M, MIYAKE A, et al. Kinetics analysis of thermal decomposition of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) [J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2017, 127(1): 255-264.
[6］ ZHANG J, DU Y, DOMG K, et al. Taming dinitramide anions within an energetic metal-organic framework: a new strategy for synthesis and tunable properties of high energy materials[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2016, 28(5): 1472-1480.
[7］ PANG W Q, FAN X Z, ZHANG W, et al. Effect of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) on the characteristics of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based composite solid propellant[J]. Journal of Chemical Science and Technogy,2013,2(2):53-60.
[8］ LI J Q，PANG W Q，WANG K, et al. Effect of ADN/GUDN dual oxidizers on the combustion features of nitrate ester plasticized polyether solid propellants[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials,2019,27(4):297-303.
[9］ MENKE K, HEINTZ T, SCHWEIKERT W, et al. Formulation and properties of ADN/GAP propellants[J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2009, 34(23): 218-230.
[10］ DAVID E G J. Characterization of ADN and ADN based propellants[J]. Propellant, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2005, 30(2): 526-528.
[11］ DJALAL T, THOMAS M K, LOTFI M, et al. Recent advances in new oxidizers for solid rocket propulsion[J]. Green Chemistry,2017,19(20):4711-4736.
[12］ THAKER P, DUAN Y, YANG V. Modeling of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) monopropellant combustion with coupled condensed and gas phase kinetics[J]. Combust Flame, 2014, 161(1):347-362.
[13］ THOMAS H, MICHEAL J H. Properties and Structure of ADN-prills[J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2019, 44(3): 679-686.
[14］ LANDSEM E, TOMAS L J, FINN K H, et al. Mechanical properties of smokeless composite rocket propellants based on prilled ammonium dinitramide[J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2012, 37(4):691-698.
[15］ JESSICA S, KAMILA P C, JOSIANE R C S, et al. ADN recrystallization and microencapsulation with htpb by simple coacervation[J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2020, 45(1): 1-10
[16］ IZATO Y, KOSHI M, MIYAKE A, et al. Kinetics analysis of thermal decomposition of ammonium dinitramide (ADN)[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry， 2016, 127(1): 255-264.
[17］ HIGHSMITH T K, MCLEOD C S, WARDLE R B. Thermally stabilized prilled ammonium dinitramide particles, and process for making the same. WO 9801408[P]. 1998-01-05.
[18］ HIGHSMITH T K, MCLEOD C S, WARDLE R B, et al. Thermally-stabilized prilled ammonium dinitramide particles, and process for making the same [P]. WO 9901408[P]. 1999-01-14.
[19］ GUIMONT J. Process for preparing spherical energetic compounds: US, 5801453[P]. 1998-09-01.
[20］ HEINTZ T, PONTIUS H, ANIOL J, et al. Ammonium dinitramide (ADN)-prilling, coating, ADN characterization[J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2009, 34(3):231-238.
[21］ RAHMAN A, CHIN J, CHEAH K H. Prilling and coating of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) solid green propellant in toluene mixture using ultrasound sonication[J]. Aerospace, 2018,29(5): 2-11.
[22］ JIAN Y, HONG B L, SONG T R, et al. Study on effect of spheroidization on hazardous classification of ADN[J]. Key Engineering Materials,2021,881(4):71-76.
[23］ YAN N, CHENG B, LI H Y, et al. Pickering emul- sion-templated encapsulation of ammonium dinitramide by graphene sheets for hygroscopic inhibition[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2021,147994(537):1-11.
[24］李磊，陈红，赖羽,等.ADN球形化-包覆一体化材料制备[J].固体火箭技术，2021(1):748-755.
LI L, CHEN H, LAI Y, et al. Preparation of an ammonium danitramide(ADN) prilling-coating intergrated materials[J]. Journal of Solid Rocket Technology, 2020, 43(6):748-755. (in Chinese)

[1]	席运志, 李军伟, 陈雪莉, 韩磊, 王宁飞. 基于旋转阀的固体推进剂压强耦合响应测试方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(3): 511-520.
[2]	侯宇菲，许进升，周长省，陈雄，李宏文. 复合固体推进剂颗粒与基体初始界面有无缺陷的细观模型对比[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(9): 1800-1808.
[3]	李宽宽，郭效德，梁力，张正金，夏亮，常志鹏. 纳米碳酸锶/高氯酸铵复合粒子的制备及其撞击感度和热分解性能研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(7): 1317-1322.
[4]	秦金凤，赵雪，钱华，芮久后. 高致密球形黑索今晶体结构对高聚物粘结炸药安全性能的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(3): 481-487.
[5]	程立，董海平，穆慧娜，温玉全，张浩宇，汪靖程. 基于感度分布均值的火工品发火可靠性小样本评估方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(12): 2444-2450.
[6]	杭贵云，余文力，王涛，王金涛，苗爽. 奥克托今/3-硝基-1，2，4-三唑-5-酮共晶炸药晶体缺陷的分子动力学研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(1): 49-57.
[7]	叶振威，余永刚. 脉冲点火射流与高氯酸铵/端羟基聚丁二烯固体推进剂耦合燃烧的试验研究及数值模拟[J]. 兵工学报, 2018, 39(8): 1507-1514.
[8]	王维伦，李建民，杨荣杰，刘筑，李世鹏. 含氟有机添加剂对含铝聚醚推进剂燃烧凝聚相产物的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(4): 704-710.
[9]	李广超，梁振宗，梁力，郭效德. 基于气流粉碎法的超细类球形高氯酸铵批量制备及其表征[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(11): 2098-2104.
[10]	李吉祯，樊学忠，张国防，蔚红建，唐秋凡，付小龙. 含能黏合剂3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧丁环聚合物的固化体系研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2016, 37(8): 1401-1408.
[11]	姜菡雨，赵凤起，郝海霞，曲文刚，徐司雨，安亭，李猛. 锆/聚叠氮缩水甘油醚复合粒子的制备、表征及静电性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2016, 37(1): 50-55.
[12]	杨后文，余永刚，叶锐. 不同火焰环境下固体火箭发动机烤燃特性数值模拟[J]. 兵工学报, 2015, 36(9): 1640-1646.
[13]	欧阳刚，郭效德，席海军，刘杰，韩华，李凤生. 亚微米六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷的制备及其性能研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2015, 36(1): 64-69.
[14]	邹权, 邓国栋, 郭效德, 姜炜, 李凤生. 近红外在线监测改性双基吸收药混合均匀度研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2014, 35(7): 977-981.
[15]	宋秀铎，郑伟，裴江峰，张军，王江宁，赵凤起. 黑索今含量对BAMO-AMMO基推进剂力学性能的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2014, 35(6): 828-833.