基于仿生拓扑互锁构型陶瓷拼接的SiC/UHMWPE防弹插板防护性能

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0457

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解决现有拼接式陶瓷防弹插板陶瓷片之间缺乏结构协同、对冲击能量耗散差等问题,设计一种基于铁定甲虫骨质结构的仿生拓扑互锁构型陶瓷拼接方案,开展其在枪弹冲击下对人体的防护性能数值模拟研究。基于生物材料的微观结构和工程结构中的拓扑互锁原理,设计仿铁定甲虫骨质结构的异型防弹插板陶瓷面板。基于3D-DIC试验验证仿真模型的准确性,开展DBP 10式5.8mm步枪弹侵彻正方形、六边形和仿生拓扑互锁构型陶瓷拼接防弹插板的数值模拟,发现仿生拓扑互锁构型陶瓷块能有效地让周围陶瓷参与到对冲击能量的耗散中,仿生拓扑互锁构型陶瓷防弹插板受到侵彻后的背面鼓包高度比六边形陶瓷防弹插板减少约8%。设计基于仿生拓扑互锁陶瓷构型的新型单兵防护插板,开展M80枪弹对穿新型单兵防护人体躯干的钝击效应数值模拟,结果表明:钝击能量主要被肌肉和胸肋骨承担,胸肋骨的应力峰值达到30.7MPa,可能会出现骨裂;心脏最大应力为930.2kPa,肺部最大应力为777.5kPa,可能会造成心肌损伤和肺部软组织挫伤。

关键词: 防弹插板, 仿生, 拓扑互锁, 钝击效应

Abstract:

To address the issues of the lack of structural synergy between ceramic plates in existing spliced ceramic bulletproof plates and the poor dissipation of impact energy,a biomimetic topological interlocking ceramic splicing scheme based on the exoskeletal structure of phloeodes diabolicus is designed.The numerical simulation research is made on the protective performance of the designed bulletproof plates under the impact of bullets. A non-standard bulletproof ceramic plate with a phloeodes diabolicus exoskeletal structure is designed based on the microstructure of biological materials and the principle of topological interlocking in engineering structures.The accuracy of the simulation model is verified through 3D-DIC testing,and the penetrations of 5.8mm DBP 10 rifle bullets into square,hexagonal and biomimetic topological interlocking ceramic spliced bulletproof plates are simulated.The results show that the biomimetic topological interlocking ceramic blocks can effectively enable the surrounding ceramics to dissipate the impact energy,The back bulge height of the biomimetic topological interlocking ceramic bulletproof insert after being penetrated is reduced by approximately 8% compared to that of the hexagonal ceramic bulletproof insert.An individual soldier protective insert plate based on the biomimetic topological interlocking ceramic configuration is designed,and the numerical simulations are conducted on the blunt trauma effects of M80 rifle bullet penetrating the human torso of the protected individual soldier.The results indicate that the blunt trauma energy is primarily borne by the muscles and thoracic ribs,and the peak stress on thoracic ribs reaches 30.7MPa,which potentially leads to bone fractures.The maximum stress in the heart is 930.2kPa,and the maximum stress in the lungs is 777.5kPa,potentially causing myocardial injury and lung soft tissue contusion.

Key words: bulletproof insert, bionics, topological interlocking, blunt impact effect

中图分类号:

TJ012.4

钱昊承, 温垚珂, 汪萌, 罗小豪, 王会成, 聂伟晓, 凤至彦, 童梁成. 基于仿生拓扑互锁构型陶瓷拼接的SiC/UHMWPE防弹插板防护性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(6): 240457-.

QIAN Haocheng, WEN Yaoke, WANG Meng, LUO Xiaohao, WANG Huicheng, NIE Weixiao, FENG Zhiyan, TONG Liangcheng. Protection Performance of SiC/UHMWPE Bulletproof Insert Plate with Biomimetic Topology Interlocking Configuration-based Ceramic Assembly[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(6): 240457-.

图/表 25

图1 铁锭甲虫[13]

Fig.1 Microstructure of phloeodes diabolicus exoskeleton[13]

图2 仿生拓扑互锁陶瓷面板示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of biomimetic topological interlocking ceramic plate

图3 3种方案陶瓷板的有限元模型

Fig.3 FEMs of three ceramic plate schemes

图4 步枪弹侵彻仿生拓扑互锁防弹插板有限元模型

Fig.4 FEM for rifle bullet penetrating into biomimetic topological interlocking bulletproof plate

表1 SiC陶瓷的JHB本构参数[15]

Table 1 JHB constitutive parameters for SiC ceramics[15]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ(g·cm^-3)	3.16	K₁/MPa	204785
G/GPa	100	K₂/MPa	0
σ_i/GPa	4.92	$σ i m a x$ /GPa	12.2
p_i/GPa	1.5	$σ f m a x$ /GPa	0.2
σ_f/GPa	0.1	$ε p, m a x f$	999
p_f/GPa	0.25	D₁	0.16
T_max/GPa	0.75	D₂	1.0
C	0.009	β	1.0

表1 SiC陶瓷的JHB本构参数[15]

Table 1 JHB constitutive parameters for SiC ceramics[15]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ(g·cm^-3)	3.16	K₁/MPa	204785
G/GPa	100	K₂/MPa	0
σ_i/GPa	4.92	$σ i m a x$ /GPa	12.2
p_i/GPa	1.5	$σ f m a x$ /GPa	0.2
σ_f/GPa	0.1	$ε p, m a x f$	999
p_f/GPa	0.25	D₁	0.16
T_max/GPa	0.75	D₂	1.0
C	0.009	β	1.0

表2 UHMWPE材料参数[16]

Table 2 Material parameters of UHMWPE[16]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ(g·cm^-3)	0.97	G₁₂/MPa	15
E₁/MPa	25000	G₁₃/MPa	3000
E₂/MPa	25000	G₂₃/MPa	3000
E₃/MPa	8000	X_1t/MPa	1250
ν₁₂	0.006	X_2c/MPa	1250
ν₁₃	0.06	X_3c/MPa	1250
ν₂₃	0.06	X_3t/MPa	650

表3 粘结层的材料参数[17]

Table 3 Constitutive parameters for cohesive layers[17]

ρ/(g·cm^-3)	E_nn/MPa	E_ss/MPa	E_tt/MPa	$t n 0$ /MPa
2	400	689	689	1
$t s 0$ /MPa	$t t 0$ /MPa	$G n C$ /(J·mm^-2)	$G s C$ /(J·mm^-2)	$G t C$ /(J·mm^-2)
1.6	1.6	0.5	1	1

表3 粘结层的材料参数[17]

Table 3 Constitutive parameters for cohesive layers[17]

ρ/(g·cm^-3)	E_nn/MPa	E_ss/MPa	E_tt/MPa	$t n 0$ /MPa
2	400	689	689	1
$t s 0$ /MPa	$t t 0$ /MPa	$G n C$ /(J·mm^-2)	$G s C$ /(J·mm^-2)	$G t C$ /(J·mm^-2)
1.6	1.6	0.5	1	1

表4 DBP10式5.8mm步枪弹材料参数[18-19]

Table 4 Material parameters of 5.8mm DBP10 rifle bullet[18-19]

参数	钢芯	背甲	铅套
ρ(g·cm^-3)	7.83	7.92	11.34
G/GPa	77	77	17
T/K	293	293	294
T_m/K	1793	1793	600
A/MPa	792	300	14
B/MPa	510	275	18
n	0.26	0.15	0.69
C	0.28	0.014	0.035
m	1.03	1.09	1.68

图5 试验与仿真防弹插板BFD高度对比

Fig.5 Comparison of maximum BFD heights of experimental and simulated bulletproof insert plates

图6 垂直方向试验与仿真对比

Fig.6 Comparison between vertical experimental and simulated results

图7 子弹冲击下3种结构陶瓷防弹插板BFD高度变化

Fig.7 Changes in BFD heights of ceramic bulletproof insert plates with three different structures under bullet impact

图8 3种方案陶瓷板背面应力分布

Fig.8 Stress distribution on the back of ceramic plates in three schemes

图9 3种方案下中心陶瓷块的裂纹扩展

Fig.9 Crack propagations of central ceramic blocks in three schemes

图10 戴新型防护人体靶标模型

Fig.10 Wearing a new type of protective human body target model

图11 人体靶标有限元模型

Fig.11 FEM of human body target

图12 胸部靶标模型及入射角示意图

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of chest target model and incident angle

表5 线弹性组织材料参数[22]

Table 5 Linear elastic tissue material parameters[22]

器官	密度ρ/(g·cm^-3)	杨氏模量E/MPa	泊松比ν
肌肉	1.2	16.32	0.42
肋骨	1.412	6500	0.22
肋软骨	1.07	2.5	0.4
脊柱	1.33	355	0.26
椎间盘	1.2	4.2	0.45

表6 黏超弹性材料参数[23]

Table 6 Visco-hyperelastic material parameters[23]

密度ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	C₀₁	C₁₀	B₁	阶数	g	τ
1.2	0.8	-0.4	2.19	1	0.8682	0.005
				2	0.04379	0.07995
1.06	0.003447	0.0031	913	1	0.52826	0.008
				2	0.301889	0.15

图13 子弹冲击下的胸部运动趋势剖视图

Fig.13 Cross-sectional view of chest movement trends under bullet impact

图14 胸廓肌肉压缩过程

Fig.14 Process of chest muscles compression

图15 胸部压力波传递过程

Fig.15 Transmission of pressure waves in the chest

图16 胸骨和肋骨应变演化

Fig.16 Evolution of strain in the sternum and ribs

图17 心脏应力演化过程

Fig.17 Evolution of stress in the heart

图18 肺部应力演化过程

Fig.18 Evolution of stress in the lungs

表7 胸部各主要器官损伤情况

Table 7 Extent of camage to major organs in the chest

器官	损伤程度	损伤判据
肌肉	一段时间后可恢复	压缩量小于20%
胸骨和肋骨	弹着点后方胸骨可能轻微骨裂	等效应变小于0.02
心脏	可能造成心肌损伤	主应力大于300kPa
肺脏	可能使肺部软组织发生挫伤	主应力大于240kPa

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