成像引信仿生复合减振结构设计与仿真

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

面对弹道修正引信中光学组件无法承受弹丸高发射过载的迫切需求,针对某型制导炮弹成像引信光学系统,结合仿生理念提出一种引信光学系统减振方案。将竹子的宏微观结构应用于金属薄壁管,为光学系统设计两种具有竹子结构特征的金属薄壁套筒,并同时设计由橡胶垫与碟簧复合的减振装置。利用有限元分析软件进行动力学仿真验证设计结构模型的减振效能。仿真结果表明:所提减振方案能够缓解光学系统受到的冲击并降低变形值,两种透镜外筒应变峰值降低40%、72%,光学传感器应变峰值降低68.21%、52.49%,证明该减振方案具有良好的减振效果。所提方案为光学部件在高过载引信中的应用提供新思路。

关键词: 光学系统, 抗高过载, 仿生设计, 复合减振, 有限元模拟

Abstract:

The optical components in the trajectory correction fuze can not be subjected to the high launch overload of a projectile.A shock absorption method for the optical system of the fuze is proposed based on the bionic concept.The macro-and micro-structures of bamboo are applied to a metal thin-walled tube,and two kinds of metal thin-walled sleeves with the characteristics of bamboo structure are designed for the optical system.And also a shock absorption device composed of rubber pad and disc spring is designed.The finite element analysis software is used to carry out dynamics simulation to verify the shock absorption efficiency of the designed structure model.The simulated results show that the proposed shock absorption method can be used to alleviate the impact on the optical system and reduce the deformation value.The peak strains of two lens outer cylinders are reduced by 40% and 72%,respectively,and the peak strain of the optical sensor is reduced by 68.21% and 52.49%.It is proved that the proposed shock absorption method has a good shock absorption effect.This strategy provides a new idea for the application of optical components in high overload fuze.

Key words: optical system, anti-high-overload, bionics design, combined shock absorption, finite element simulation

中图分类号:

TJ430.2

张骢, 陆俊桦, 岳明凯. 成像引信仿生复合减振结构设计与仿真[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(2): 240021-.

ZHANG Cong, LU Junhua, YUE Mingkai. Design and Simulation of Bionic Composite Shock Absorption Structure for Imaging Fuze[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(2): 240021-.

图/表 20

图1 某型制导炮弹引信结构示意图

Fig.1 Diagram of fuze structure of a guided projectile

图2 引信光学系统结构示意图

Fig.2 Structure diagram of fuze optical system

图3 金属薄壁套筒设计方案1

Fig.3 Design scheme 1 of metal thin-wall sleeve

图4 金属薄壁套筒设计方案2

Fig.4 Design scheme 2 of metal thin-wall sleeve

图5 垫圈-碟簧复合减振装置

Fig.5 Gasket-spring composite shock absorber

图6 处理电路抗过载示意图

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of processing circuit anti-overload

图7 光学系统透镜发射时受力分析

Fig.7 Force analysis diagram of optical system lens during launch

表1 不同时刻引信前部外壳所受载荷

Table 1 The loads on fuze front housing at different times

时间/ms	压力/MPa	时间/ms	压力/MPa	时间/ms	压力/MPa
0	0	4.2	88.663	8.4	76.131
0.3	2.442	4.5	93.085	8.7	70.615
0.6	6.978	4.8	96.649	9.0	64.850
0.9	12.808	5.1	99.316	9.3	58.967
1.2	19.438	5.4	101.070	9.6	53.136
1.5	26.564	5.7	101.920	9.9	47.560
1.8	33.990	6.0	101.880	10.3	42.474
2.1	41.573	6.3	101.020	10.5	38.127
2.4	49.191	6.6	99.364	10.8	34.747
2.7	56.723	6.9	96.981	11.1	32.489
3.0	64.044	7.2	93.926	11.4	31.356
3.3	71.024	7.5	90.255	11.7	31.080
3.6	77.533	7.8	86.025	12.0	30.966
3.9	83.449	8.1	81.294

图8 载荷曲线

Fig.8 Load curve

表2 材料参数

Table 2 Material parameters

部件	材料	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	弹性模量/MPa	泊松比
竹型金属薄壁套筒透镜帽及透镜外筒	硬铝	2.700	72000	0.33
光学传感器及处理电路	环氧树脂	1.196	6050	0.37
光学透镜	硫化玻璃	4.710	20000	0.28
碟簧	弹簧钢	7.850	206000	0.30
塑料垫圈	ABS	1.030	1628	0.41

图9 有限元网格划分

Fig.9 Finite element meshing

图10 透镜外筒内部零件应变云图

Fig.10 Strain cloud diagram of inner parts of lens outer cylinder

图11 透镜等效应力变化

Fig.11 Equivalent stress curve of lens

图12 方案1透镜应力云图(t=6ms)

Fig.12 Stress cloud diagram of lens in Scheme 1 at 6ms

图13 方案2透镜应力云图(t=6ms)

Fig.13 Stress cloud image of lens in Scheme 2 at 6ms

图14 透镜等效应变

Fig.14 Equivalent strain curve of lens

图15 竹型套筒效能仿真模型

Fig.15 Bamboo sleeve efficiency simulation model

图16 透镜外筒等效应变

Fig.16 Equivalent strain curve of lens outer cylinder

图17 光学传感器等效应变

Fig.17 Equivalent strain curve of optical sensor

图18 出炮口后透镜外筒内部零件应变云图

Fig.18 Strain cloud diagram of inner parts of lens outer cylinder after exiting the muzzle

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