不同物理性质无烟煤粉在乙烯/氧气氛围下爆轰波传播特性实验研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

粉末连续旋转爆轰发动机不仅具有爆轰循环热效率高的优势,还兼具粉末燃料体积热值高、流量可调等优点,然而发动机的工作特性会受到煤粉的物理性质影响。为了更好地研究不同物理性质煤粉对于爆轰波传播特性的影响,搭建一套定容燃烧弹,结合高能点火系统,在初始压力p₀=100kPa下,研究多孔状5μm、多孔状40μm及片状5μm共3种无烟煤粉在不同当量比(0.7、1.0、1.3、1.5)下的爆轰波传播特性。研究结果表明:多孔状5μm无烟煤随着当量比的增加,爆轰波速度及压力持续增加,当量比为1.5时具有最大爆轰波传播速度及压力;多孔状40μm煤粉在0.7~1.3当量比下随当量比的增大,爆轰波速度持续增加,而后在当量比为1.5时由于过量的煤粉导致速度开始降低,但爆轰压力随着当量比的增加而增加;5μm多孔状煤粉爆轰波速度在相同当量比下优于40μm煤粉;片状5μm煤粉爆轰特性最差,在高当量比时会抑制爆轰。

关键词: 粉末连续旋转爆轰发动机, 爆轰, 煤粉, 直接起爆, 传播特性, 气-固两相爆轰

Abstract:

The continuous rotating detonation engine with coal powder as fuel has the advantages of high thermal efficiency of detonation cycle, high volumetric calorific value of powder fuel and adjustable flow rate, etc. However, the operating characteristics of the engine are influenced by the physical properties of coal powder. In order to study the effects of different physical properties of pulverized coal powder on the propagation characteristics of detonation wave, the gas-solid two-phase detonation experiments was conducted with three types of porous 5μm, porous 40μm and flake 5μm anthracite pulverized coals, at different equivalent ratios (0.7, 1.0, 1.3, 1.5). A test setup of constant volume combustion bomb was designed with a high energy ignition system at an initial pressure of 100kPa. In the test cases of detonation with porous 5μm anthracite fuel, the detonation wave speed and pressure continue to increase with the increase in the equivalent ratio, and the maximum detonation wave propagation speed and pressure are achieved when equivalent ratio is 1.5. In the test cases of detonation with porous 40μm pulverized coal fuel, with the increase in the equivalent ratio in the range of 0.7-1.3, the detonation wave speed continues to increase, and when the equivalent ratio is increased to 1.5, the detonation wave speed begins to decrease, but the detonation pressure increases. The detonation wave speed with 5μm porous pulverized coal fuel is better than that with 40μm pulverized coal at the same equivalent ratio ; the detonation characteristics with flake 5μm pulverized coal fuel are the worst and suppress detonation at high equivalent ratio.

Key words: powder continuous rotating detonation engine, detonation, coal particle, direct initiation, propagation characteristics, gas-solid two-phase detonation

中图分类号:

O381

张锋, 罗永晨, 肖博文, 倪晓冬, 郑权, 翁春生, 续晗. 不同物理性质无烟煤粉在乙烯/氧气氛围下爆轰波传播特性实验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(5): 1663-1672.

ZHANG Feng, LUO Yongchen, XIAO Bowen, NI Xiaodong, ZHENG Quan, WENG Chunsheng, XU Han. Experimental Study of Detonation Wave Propagation Characteristics of Anthracite Pulverized Coal with Different Physical Properties under Ethylene/oxygen Atmosphere[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(5): 1663-1672.

图/表 11

图1 装置示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the device

图2 喷嘴示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of nozzle

图3 煤粉爆轰ZND模型

Fig.3 ZND model of pulverized coal detonation

图4 煤粉SEM

Fig.4 SEM photograph of pulverized coal

图5 煤粉粒径分布图

Fig.5 Particle size distribution of pulverized coal

表1 两种煤粉成分信息

Table 1 Composition information of two kinds of pulverized coal

参数	片状	多孔状
燃点/℃	556	574
密度/(g·cm^-3)	0.956	0.774
热容率/(J·g^-1·K^-1)	0.856	0.824
N/%	0.000	0.300
C/%	97.00	94.64
H/%	0.319	0.912
S/%	0.221	0.549
总水分/%	5.95	2.53
灰分/%	0.43	0.21
挥发分/%	2.12	1.73

表2 实验工况

Table 2 Experimental conditions

序号	燃料	氧化剂	当量比
序号	燃料	氧化剂	煤粉当量比	乙烯当量比	总当量比
1	乙烯+煤粉	O₂	0	0.5	0.5
2			0.2	0.5	0.7
3			0.5	0.5	1
4			0.8	0.5	1.3
5			1	0.5	1.5

图6 上临界起爆能量下激波速度及化学反应区变化趋势[24]

Fig.6 Shock wave velocity and chemical reaction zone trends under the action of upper critical detonation energy[24]

图7 P1传感器及离子探针的信号时间曲线

Fig.7 Signal-time curves of pressure sensor and ion probe at P1

图8 不同类型煤粉爆轰波速度随当量比的变化

Fig.8 Variation of detonation wave velocity with equivalent ratio for different types of pulverized coal

图9 不同类型煤粉爆轰波压力随当量比的变化

Fig.9 Variation of the pressure of different types of pulverized coal detonation wave with the equivalent ratio

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