超空泡航行体锥段结构对其尾拍运动影响的数值研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0744

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超空泡航行体的外形设计关乎其尾拍运动特性。为获得航行体的锥段结构对其尾拍运动特性的影响规律,采用动网格技术结合流体体积多相流模型、SST k-ω湍流模型和Schnerr-Sauer空化模型,对4种不同锥段结构的航行体尾拍运动特性开展数值模拟研究,分析超空泡航行体的尾拍运动过程及弹道特性。研究结果表明:在一定俯仰角速度扰动下,航行体锥段结构变化对其尾拍稳定性的影响体现出非线性特点,锥段部分过长或过短均会导致航行体的肩部沾湿而形成二次空泡,二次空泡的发展会抑制航行体尾部沾湿,从而回转力矩无法促使俯仰角减小,导致尾拍运动失稳,弹道稳定性较差。该研究成果可为超空泡航行体外形设计提供一定的理论指导。

关键词: 超空泡航行体, 锥段结构, 尾拍运动, 6自由度

Abstract:

The shape design of the supercavitating vehicle is related to its tail-slap motion characteristics. In order to obtain the influence of the cone part of supercavitating vehicle on its tail-slap motion, the dynamic grid technology combined with the VOF multiphase flow model,SST k-ω turbulence model and Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model are applied to simulate the tail-slap motion of supercavitating vehicle with the four different cone parts. The tail-slap motion and trajectory characteristics of supercavitating vehicle are analyzed. The results show that the influence of the cone geometry on the tail-slap stability of supercavitating vehicle is nonlinear under the condition of a certain pitch angle speed. If the cone section is too long or too short, the shoulder of supercavitating vehicle will get wet and form secondary cavitation. The development of secondary cavitation can inhibit the tail wet, which causes the turning moment failing to reduce the pitching angle and then the tail-slap motion and the trajectory showing instability.

Key words: supercavitating vehicle, cone geometry, tail-slap, 6 degrees of freedom

中图分类号:

O352

张亮, 胡常莉, 吴小安. 超空泡航行体锥段结构对其尾拍运动影响的数值研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(3): 828-836.

ZHANG Liang, HU Changli, WU Xiao’an. Numerical Study on the Influence of Cone Geometry of Supercavitating Vehicle on Its Tail-slap Motion[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(3): 828-836.

图/表 18

图1 航行体模型

Fig.1 Vehicle model

图2 网格划分情况

Fig.2 Grid division

表1 航行体主要参数

Table 1 Main parameters of the vehicle

工况	锥段长度 L_C/mm	L_C/L_B	转动惯量 I_z/(kg·m²)	质心位置 (距离头部) x/mm
1	17	0.1	1.0075×10^-4	89.47
2	51	0.3	9.9952×10^-4	97.80
3	85	0.5	9.6972×10^-4	104.90
4	119	0.7	9.0353×10^-4	110.50

图3 模型边界条件及域的尺寸

Fig.3 Model boundary conditions and domain size

图4 不同数量网格下空泡轮廓对比

Fig.4 Comparison of cavitation contours under different numbers of grids

图5 不同数量网格下阻力系数对比

Fig.5 Comparison of drag coefficients under different numbers of grids

图6 射弹几何模型

Fig.6 Projectile geometric model

图7 数值结果与试验值[21]对比

Fig.7 Numerical results were compared with experimental values[21]

图8 LC/LB=0.3时航行体尾拍运动特征

Fig.8 Motion characteristics of tail-slap of vehicle for LC/LB=0.3

图9 不同锥段结构航行体尾拍运动空泡形态图

Fig.9 The shape of the cavitation in the tail-slap of the vehicle with different cone geometry

图10 不同锥段结构航行体俯仰角变化

Fig.10 Variation of pitch angle of vehicle with different cone geometries

图11 不同锥段结构航行体俯仰力矩变化

Fig.11 Variation of pitch moment of vehicle with different cone geometries

图12 LC/LB=0.7时航行体的尾拍过程

Fig.12 Tail-slap process of a vehicle with cone geometry LC/LB=0.7

图13 锥段LC/LB=0.1时航行体的尾拍过程

Fig.13 Tail-slap process of vehicle for LC/LB=0.1

图14 LC/LB=0.1航行体空泡轮廓

Fig.14 Cavitation profile of vehicle with cone geometry LC/LB=0.1

图15 不同锥段结构航行体水动力系数变化曲线

Fig.15 Hydrodynamic characteristics of vehicle with different cone geometries

图16 不同锥段结构航行体速度和位移变化曲线

Fig.16 Speed and displacement variation characteristics of vehicle with different cone geometries

表2 不同锥段航行体首次尾拍时间及沾湿情况

Table 2 First tail-slap time and wet condition of vehicles in different cone sections

尾拍时间及沾湿情况	L_C/L_B
尾拍时间及沾湿情况	0.1	0.3	0.5	0.7
首次尾拍时间t/ms	0.8	1.9	1.9	1.9
头部沾湿范围/(°)	0~1.3	0~3.12	0~3.14	0~3.23
肩部沾湿范围/(°)	>1.3			>3.6
尾部沾湿范围/(°)	>7.5	>3.12	>3.14	>3.23

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