A Maneuver Strategy of UAV to Evade a Medium-long Range Air-to-air Missile in Terminal Guidance

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0972

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the issue of evading a medium-long range air-to-air missile in beyond visual range (BVR) air combat,a feasible maneuver strategy for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) possessing the capability of high overload lateral maneuver within a short period of time to evade the medium-long range air-to-air missile in terminal guidance is proposed based on the characteristics of UAV equipped with lateral rocket boosters.A model of UAV and medium-long range air-to-air missile is established.The influences of lateral overload activation time,lateral overload size and lateral overload direction on the miss distance of a missile are investigated.The experimental results show that the UAV utilizes the maximum available lateral overload within the sustainable time to evade the air-to-air missiles.When a missile is approaching head-on,UAV climbs to evade it,while the same direction climbing and diving maneuvers are used to against the missile approaching from the front.

Key words: unmanned aerial vehicle, medium-long range air-to-air missile, terminal guidance, evasive maneuver, lateral overload

ZHANG Pei, ZHANG An, BI Wenhao, MAO Zeming. A Maneuver Strategy of UAV to Evade a Medium-long Range Air-to-air Missile in Terminal Guidance[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(9): 240972-.

Figures/Tables 23

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the main guidance phases of medium-long range air-to-air missile

Fig.2 Relative motion relationship of UAV and missile

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the trajectories of UAV and missile in the end of guidance

Fig.4 Relative situation of UAV and missile in the event of head-on attack

Table 1 Initial situation of simulation experiments in lateral overload direction

序号	机弹初始距离/ m	机弹初始方位角/(°)	导弹初始高度/ m	导弹初始马赫数	无人机初始高度/m	无人机初始马赫数
1	100000	0	11000	1.5	7000	0.85
2	95000	45	11000	1.5	7000	0.85
3	110000	315	11000	1.5	7000	0.85
4	105000	75	11000	1.5	7000	0.85
5	100000	285	11000	1.5	7000	0.85

Fig.5 Effect of UAV lateral overload direction on missile’s miss distance under the head-on situation of simulation experiment 1

Fig.6 Trajectory of UAV’s climbing/diving maneuver under the head-on situation of simulation experiment 1

Fig.7 Missile’s overload corresponding to UAV climbing/diving maneuvere under the head-on situation of simulation experiment 1

Fig.8 Effect of UAV lateral overload direction on missile’s miss distance under forward lateral situation

Fig.9 Trajectory of UAV’s climbing/reverse side diving maneuver under the forward lateral situation of simulation experiment 2

Fig.10 Missile’s overload corresponding to UAV climbing/forward side maneuvering under the forward lateral situation of simulation experiment 2

Fig.11 Missile’s overload corresponding to UAV reverse side maneuvering under the forward lateral situation of simulation experiment 2 (lateral overload direction of 200°)

Fig.12 Effect of UAV lateral overload direction on missile’s miss distance under lateral situation

Fig.13 Trajectory of UAV’s climbing/forward side diving maneuver under the lateral situation of simulation experiment 4

Fig.14 Missile’s overload corresponding to UAV climbing/forward side maneuvering under the lateral situation of simulation experiment 4

Fig.15 Missile’s overload corresponding to UAV horizontal/reverse side maneuvering in the lateral situation of simulation experiment 4

Table 2 Initial situation of simulation experiments in lateral overload activation time

序号	机弹初始距离/m	机弹初始方位角/ (°)	导弹初始高度/m	导弹初始马赫数	无人机初始高度/m	无人机初始马赫数
1	100000	0	11000	1.5	7000	0.85
2	95000	45	11000	1.5	7000	0.85
3	110000	315	11000	1.5	7000	0.85
4	105000	75	11000	1.5	7000	0.85
5	100000	285	11000	1.5	7000	0.85

Fig.16 Effect of lateral overload activation time on missile’s miss distance under different initial situations

Table 3 Initial situation of simulation experiments

序号	机弹初始距离/m	机弹初始方位角/ (°)	导弹初始高度/m	导弹初始马赫数	无人机初始高度/m	无人机初始马赫数
1	100000	0	11000	1.5	7000	0.85
2	95000	45	11000	1.5	7000	0.85
3	105000	75	11000	1.5	7000	0.85

Fig.17 Effect of lateral overload size on missile’s miss distance under different initial situations

Fig.18 UAV-missile countermeasure simulation platform

Fig.19 The framework of simulation platform

Table 4 Avoidance results under different situations

机弹态势	仿真次数	末端机动成功率/%	桶滚机动成功率/%	盘旋机动成功率/%	筋斗机动成功率/%
迎头	500	92.4	83.9	80.6	84.2
前侧向	500	87.6	85.0	79.2	71.5
侧向	500	91.4	88.1	78.4	86.2

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