PBX炸药缝隙挤压加载下的破裂模式及点火响应

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0809

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

武器装药服役过程中内部容易产生缝隙等结构弱环。针对圆形缝隙开展PBX-3炸药及其模拟材料缝隙挤压加载实验。通过结构设计,使样品内部的宏观裂纹在实验结束后的拆卸过程中不发生破坏,保留裂纹原始形貌以便于观测分析。采用45°镜反射成像结合高速摄影,记录样品缝隙挤压的动态全过程。采用欧拉-拉格朗日耦合方法对炸药缝隙挤压过程进行仿真计算,用未点火情况下的实验数据进行模型参数校核,使用校核后的模型对点火情况进行再计算。基于做功和加热增加物体内能的等效性,对主导点火机制和点火时间进行分析。研究结果表明:缝隙挤压加载下样品内部形成滑移区和死区,两区分界面为锥面;对于ϕ0.8mm直径的缝隙,强围压下挤压速度仅4.2m/s即可导致点火,点火后的燃烧反应烈度随缝隙尺寸的减小而增加;数值模拟得到的挤压应力、速度及破裂模式与实验结果符合较好,滑移区与死区之间的挤压摩擦功率高达数千W/cm²,点火时间为百μs量级,引发点火的重要机制是滑移区-死区界面的挤压摩擦温升。

关键词: PBX炸药, 缝隙挤压, 破裂模式, 点火, 欧拉-拉格朗日耦合

Abstract:

Structural weaknesses such as cracks are easy to occur during the service of weapon charge. For the circular crack, the crack extrusion loading experiments of PBX-3 explosives and its simulants were carried out. Through structural design, the macroscopic cracks in a sample would not be destroyed during the disassembly process after the experiment, and the original appearance of the cracks would be preserved for observation and analysis. The whole dynamic process of sample extrusion was recorded by 45-degree mirror reflection imaging and high-speed photography. Euler-Lagrange coupling method was used to simulate the crack extrusion process of explosives. The model parameters were checked with the experimental data under unignited condition, and the ignition condition was recalculated with the checked model. Based on the equivalence of doing work and heating to increase the internal energy, the main ignition mechanism and ignition time were analyzed. The results show that the slip zone and dead zone are formed in the sample under crack extrusion loading, and the interface between the two zones is conical. For ϕ0.8mm crack, the ignition can be caused by the extrusion velocity of only 4.2m/s under strong confining pressure, and the combustion reaction intensity increases with the decrease in crack size. The numerical results of extrusion stress, velocity and fracture mode are in good agreement with the experimental results. The extrusion friction power between the slip zone and the dead zone is as high as thousands of W/cm², and the ignition time is in the order of 100μs. The important mechanism of ignition is the extrusion friction temperature rise at the interface between the slip zone and the dead zone.

Key words: PBX explosive, crack extrusion, fracture mode, ignition, Euler-Lagrange coupling

中图分类号:

TJ55
O389

胡秋实, 尚海林, 吴兆奎, 廖深飞, 傅华. PBX炸药缝隙挤压加载下的破裂模式及点火响应[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(9): 3135-3146.

HU Qiushi, SHANG Hailin, WU Zhaokui, LIAO Shenfei, FU Hua. Fracture Mode and Ignition Response of PBX Explosives under Crack Extrusion Loading[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(9): 3135-3146.

图/表 21

图1 实验装置示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of experimental device

图2 实验装置及样品实物图

Fig.2 Physical photoes of experimental device and sample

图3 实验结束后的回收装置

Fig.3 Recovery device after experiment

图4 模拟材料实验结果(ϕ2mm缝隙,H=1.1m)

Fig.4 Experimental result of simulant (ϕ2mm crack, H=1.1m)

图5 模拟材料实验结果(ϕ2mm缝隙,H=0.9m)

Fig.5 Experimental result of simulant(ϕ2mm crack, H=0.9m)

图6 模拟材料实验结果(ϕ1mm缝隙,H=0.8m)

Fig.6 Experimental result of simulant (ϕ1mm crack, H=0.8m)

图7 破裂模式

Fig.7 Fracture mode

表1 PBX-3炸药实验结果

Table 1 Experimental results of PBX-3

序号	缝隙直径/mm	落高/m	是否点火
1	0.5	0.3	N
2	0.8	0.9	Y
3	0.5	0.9	Y
4	0.8	1.0	N
5	0.8	1.1	Y

图8 序号1实验结果

Fig.8 Experimental result for Condition 1

图9 序号2实验结果

Fig.9 Experimental result for Condition 2

图10 序号3实验结果

Fig.10 Experimental result for Condition 3

图11 序号4实验高速摄影图片

Fig.11 High-speed photographic pictures for Condition 4

图12 序号4实验回收结果

Fig.12 Recovery result for Condition 4

图13 序号5实验高速摄影图片

Fig.13 High-speed photographic pictures for Condition 5

图14 序号5实验及其重复实验回收结果

Fig.14 Recovery result of Condition 5 and its repeated experiment

图15 缝隙挤压过程中传力杆速度及应力时程曲线

Fig.15 Velocity- and stress-time curves of transmission rod during crack extrusion process

图16 缝隙挤压加载装置计算建模

Fig.16 Computational modeling of crack extrusion loading device

图17 模拟材料数值模拟和实验结果对比 (ϕ2mm缝隙,H=1.1m)

Fig.17 Comparison of imulated and experimental results of simulated (ϕ2mm crack, H=1.1m)

图18 炸药数值模拟和实验结果对比(ϕ0.8mm缝隙, H=1.0m)

Fig.18 Comparison of numerically simulated and experimental results of explosive (ϕ0.8mm crack, H=1.0m)

图19 不同时刻模拟材料和炸药传力杆运动位置

Fig.19 Positions of transmission rod at different times of simulant and explosive

图20 序号5实验点火前典型物理量演化规律

Fig.20 Variation of typical physical quantities before ignition for Condition 5

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