基于反目标法的引信复杂终点弹道等效模拟试验系统

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0985

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

面向全域机动作战愈加要求引信具有复杂终点弹道高发火可靠性需求,针对当前正向碰靶试验具有试验着角有限、发火信号不可实时采集以及试验周期长和成本高等问题,开展基于反目标法的引信复杂终点弹道等效模拟试验系统研究。基于有限元仿真,以30mm小口径炮弹引信为对象,对比正向碰靶与反目标法引信关键模块受到的轴向冲击特性的相似性,基于弹塑性力学建立了圆柱形靶板反向碰击引信产生冲击特性的理论模型,模型采用微面力法进行数值求解,并通过仿真结果对比验证,基于20mm轻气炮搭建了等效模拟试验系统模型,并对两种触发开关的响应特性进行实时采集研究。试验结果表明,现用于小口径炮弹引信的某触发开关对正碰2mm铝合金靶板的响应时间约为58.2μs,对比正向炮射试验引信碰击2mm铝合金靶板发生“表炸”的推算结果,验证了基于反目标法的等效模拟试验系统的可行性。

关键词: 等效模拟试验系统, 反目标法, 引信, 终点弹道, 测试方法

Abstract:

In response to the increasing demand for high initiation reliability of fuze under complex terminal ballistic in mobile warfare, an equivalent simulation test system for complex terminal ballistic of fuze based on the counter target method is studied to address the issues of limited incident angle, non-real-time acquisition of initiation signals, and high testing cycle/cost in current forward shooting tests. The similarities of axial impact characteristics of key modules in 30 mm small caliber projectile fuze are compared through finite element simulation. A theoretical model of the impact characteristics of a cylindrical target plate reverse impact fuze is established based on elastic-plastic mechanics. The theoretical model is numerically solved using a micro surface force method and verified through comparison of simulated results. An equivalent simulation test system model is built based on a 20mm light gas gun, and the response characteristics of two trigger switches are collected in real-time and studied. The experimental results show that the response time of a trigger switch for small caliber projectile fuze when forwardly impacting on a 2mm aluminum alloy target plate is approximately 58.2μs. The feasibility of the equivalent simulation test system based on the counter target method is verified by comparing the calculated results of the forward shooting test fuze hitting a 2mm aluminum alloy target plate and causing a “surface explosion”.

Key words: equivalent simulation test system, counter target method, fuze, terminal ballistics, test method

中图分类号:

TJ01

娄文忠, 何博, 袁勇, 李志鹏, 山亮, 冯恒振, 张明荣, 朱豪坤. 基于反目标法的引信复杂终点弹道等效模拟试验系统[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(12): 4554-4564.

LOU Wenzhong, HE Bo, YUAN Yong, LI Zhipeng, SHAN Liang, FENG Hengzhen, ZHANG Mingrong, ZHU Haokun. An Equivalent Simulation Test System for Complex Terminal Ballistics of Fuze Based on Counter Target Method[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(12): 4554-4564.

图/表 20

图1 30mm炮弹及模块化引信精细化模型

Fig.1 FE model of 30mm projectile and modular fuze

表1 仿真模型组成以及材料关键参数

Table 1 Composition of simulation model and key material parameters

模型组成	材料	弹性模量/GPa	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	泊松比
引信体	铝合金	69.35	2810.0	0.33
灌封材料	环氧树脂	3.39	1850.0	0.36
起爆模块	铝合金	69.35	2810.0	0.33
电源模块	铝合金	69.35	2810.0	0.33
安全系统	铝合金	69.35	2810.0	0.33
压螺	铝合金	69.35	2810.0	0.33
传爆管	铝合金	69.35	2810.0	0.33
战斗部装药	炸药柱	9.0	1740.0	0.30
战斗部壳体	45号钢	206.84	7833.4	0.29

图2 不同工况下引信起爆控制模块受到的轴向冲击过载

Fig.2 Axial impact overloads applied to the detonating control module of fuze under different conditions

图3 反目标法仿真模型

Fig.3 Counter target simulation model

图4 300m/s碰撞速度下引信受到的轴向冲击过载

Fig.4 Axial impact overload applied to the fuze at a impact velocity of 300m/s

图5 不同碰撞速度下敏感件受到的轴向冲击过载

Fig.5 Axial impact overload applied to the sensitive components under different impact velocities

图6 反目标法引信受到冲击激励示意图

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of the impact excitation of fuze under the reverse target method

图7 30mm炮弹引信头部模型

Fig.7 30mm projectile fuze head model

图8 引信头部表面网格

Fig.8 Fuze head surface grid

图9 微元的法线向量

Fig.9 Normal vector of infinitesimal

图10 不同碰撞速度下靶板剩余速度

Fig.10 Residual velocity of target at different impact velocities

图11 不同碰撞速度下引信轴向过载

Fig.11 Fuze axial overload at different impact velocities

表2 敏感件受到的冲击过载幅值对比

Table 2 Comparison of the amplitudes of impact overloads on sensitive components

碰撞速度/ (m·s^-1)	a_f/ g	t_f/ μs	a_{s_t}/ g	a_{s_s}/ g	误差/ %
200	19150.2	7.2	97072.3	102000	4.8
300	26488.4	5.8	163114.2	179000	8.9
400	29412.2	4.4	220027.7	278000	20.9

图12 反目标法试验系统

Fig.12 Counter target method test system

图13 等效引信载体及内部搭载的触发开关

Fig.13 Equivalent fuze carrier and internal trigger switch

图14 电气连接关系

Fig.14 Electrical connection relationship

表3 试验工况

Table 3 Test conditions

工况	触发开关	靶板材料	靶板质量/g	等效引信载体质量/g	靶板速度/ (m·s^-1)
1	1	硬橡胶	11.0	26.1	293
2	2		10.81	26.1	300

图15 高速摄像拍摄靶板碰撞引信动态过程

Fig.15 High-speed photography of dynamic process of target impacting on fuze

图16 示波器采集关键信号

Fig.16 Key signals collected by oscilloscope

图17 正向炮射试验靶板不同形貌

Fig.17 Different morphologies of forward shooting test target plates

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