基于蒙特卡洛的大到暴雨条件下毫米波引信回波特性研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0665

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高毫米波引信降雨环境适应性,研究降雨对毫米波信号的衰减和散射作用,建立降雨条件下毫米波调频引信回波信号数学模型,并基于蒙特卡洛方法对大到暴雨条件下引信回波信号进行仿真。仿真和实测结果表明:降雨后向散射信号以单峰形式存在于回波信号低频区,同时降雨将导致回波信号底噪大幅增加,大到暴雨条件下毫米波引信回波信号信噪比明显下降。实测数据中大到暴雨条件下35GHz和60GHz引信信噪比相对无雨条件平均下降了4.5dB和6.3dB,为毫米波引信的环境适应性带来挑战。所提建模方法及研究成果可为毫米波引信环境适应性设计提供理论依据。

关键词: 毫米波引信, 降雨衰减, 散射, 蒙特卡洛方法

Abstract:

In order to improve the adaptability of millimetre-wave (MMW) fuzes to the rainfall environment, the attenuation and scattering effects of rainfall on MMW signals are investigated, a mathematical model of the echo signal of MMW FM fuze under rainfall conditions is established. The echo signal of the fuze under the conditions of heavy and storm rainfalls is simulated based on the Monte Carlo method. The simulated and measured results show that the rainfall backscattering signal exists in the form of a single peak in the low-frequency region of echo signal, while the rainfall leads to a significant increase in the bottom noise of echo signal, and the signal-to-noise ratio of millimetre-wave fuze echo signal under the conditions of heavy and storm rainfalls decreases significantly. In the measured data, the signal-to-noise ratioes of 35GHz and 60GHz fuzes under the conditions of heavy and storm rainfalls are decreased by 4.5dB and 6.3dB on average, respectively, compared with those under no rainfall condition, which poses a challenge to the environmental adaptability of millimetre-wave fuzes. The modelling method and research results in this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the design of millimetre-wave fuze with environmental adaptability.

Key words: millimetre-wave fuze, rainfall attenuation, scattering, Monte Carlo method

中图分类号:

TJ43⁺4.1

杨兵, 武凯玮, 梁彦斌, 郝世钧, 黄忠华. 基于蒙特卡洛的大到暴雨条件下毫米波引信回波特性研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(S1): 252-261.

YANG Bing, WU Kaiwei, LIANG Yanbin, HAO Shijun, HUANG Zhonghua. Research on Echo Characteristics of Millimeter-wave Fuze under Heavy Rainfall Conditions Based on Monte Carlo Method[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(S1): 252-261.

图/表 16

图1 降雨衰减系数与降雨量关系

Fig.1 Relationship between rainfall attenuation coefficient and rainfall

表1 探测距离20m时降雨衰减系数

Table 1 Rainfall attenuation coefficients at a detection distance of 20m

载频/GHz	降雨量/(mm·h^-1)
载频/GHz	16	50
24	0.09dB	0.29dB
35	0.18dB	0.51dB
60	0.35dB	0.84dB

图2 降雨散射相函数

Fig.2 Rainfall scattering phase function

图3 降雨环境中毫米波引信回波信号示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of millimetre-wave fuzeecho signal in a rainfall environment

图4 发射、目标散射、雨滴散射坐标图

Fig.4 Coordinate plots of emission, target scattering and raindrop scattering

表2 毫米波引信仿真参数

Table 2 Simulation parameters of millimetre-wave fuze

参数	数值
B₀/MHz	150
T_m/us	2.5
f₀/GHz	24、35、60
θ_3dB/(°)	120
I/(mm·h^-1)	16、50

图5 距离9m时差频信号频谱图

Fig.5 Spectrogram of beat signal at a distance of 9m

图6 目标信号幅值和底噪随距离变化图

Fig.6 Changes of target signal amplitude and bottom noise power with distance

表3 毫米波探测器参数

Table 3 Parameters of millimetre-wave detector

参数	载频/GHz
参数	24	35	60
调制带宽/MHz	250	400	60
水平波束宽度/(°)	78	120	120
垂直波束宽度/(°)	23	120	120
探测距离/m	10	20	20

图7 毫米波探测器探测环境

Fig.7 Millimetre-wave detector detection environment

图8 24GHz引信仿真和实测结果

Fig.8 Simulated and measured results of 24GHz fuze

图9 35GHz毫米波引信实测信号频谱

Fig.9 Measured signal spectrum of 35GHz millimetre-wave fuzes

图10 60GHz毫米波引信实测信号频谱

Fig.10 Measured signal spectrum of 60GHz millimetre-wave fuze

图11 毫米波引信实测噪声功率箱线图

Fig.11 Measured signal noise power box plots of millimetre-wave fuzes

图12 毫米波引信实测目标信号功率箱线图

Fig.12 Measured target signal power box plots of millimetre wave-fuzes

图13 毫米波引信实测信号信噪比箱线图

Fig.13 Measured signal-to-noise ratio box plots of millimetre-wave fuzes

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