水下近距和接触爆炸载荷作用下板架结构动态响应机理

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0037

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以某型水面舰船防护结构的膨胀舱为原型设计板架试验模型,依药量和爆距不同进行 7个工况的水下近距和接触爆炸试验。采用光子多普勒测速系统测量模型典型位置的速度时程,收集试验产生的飞片,并对试验后板架的破口形态进行记录。结合数值方法对试验结果进行对比分析,验证试验结果的一般性及数值计算方法的准确性。根据试验和数值计算结果对水下近距和接触爆炸载荷作用下板架结构动态响应开展研究。研究结果表明:板架结构容易在加强筋、隔板处发生剪切或撕裂破坏形成飞片,飞片的形成与药量、爆距、板架的结构形式均有密切关系;爆炸载荷驱动下板面上各点速度以爆心投影点为中心沿板面向外呈指数衰减趋势;当爆距大于2倍装药半径后,不同药量在相同的距径比下,板架结构上正入射点处速度峰值基本相当。

关键词: 板架结构, 水下近距和接触爆炸, 爆炸载荷

Abstract:

This paper designs grillage structure models based on a specific protective structure of a surface ship, and conducts close-in and contact underwater explosion experiments on 10 grillage models under 7 working conditions with various charges and distances. The velocities of typical points are measured with the Photonic Doppler Velocimetry system, the fragments of the grillage structure are gathered, and the damage forms after each experiment are recorded. The experimental results compare well with the numerical results, verifying the generality of the experiment and the accuracy of the simulation. The analyses of experimental and numerical results reveal several conclusions. The grillage structure is susceptible to shear and tear at reinforcing ribs and diaphragm plates, leading to the formation of fragments. The number and weight of fragments depend on the explosive charges, distances, and structures of the grillage. The velocities of points on the surface of the grillage decrease exponentially with increasing distance between the measuring point and center point. The center point is the projection point of the explosive charge on the grillage surface. When the ratio of the explosion distance to explosive charge radius is not less than 2, the velocity of center point remains nearly constant, even though the explosive charge mass changes.

Key words: grillage structure, close-in and contact underwater explosion, explosive load

沈超, 张磊, 周章涛, 刘建湖. 水下近距和接触爆炸载荷作用下板架结构动态响应机理[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(4): 1050-1061.

SHEN Chao, ZHANG Lei, ZHOU Zhangtao, LIU Jianhu. Mechanism of Dynamic Responses of Grillage Structures under Loads of Close-in and Contact Underwater Explosions[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(4): 1050-1061.

图/表 27

图1 试验布置俯视图

Fig.1 Vertical view of tentative layout

图2 试验布置现场照片

Fig.2 Test setup

图3 试验板架模型工程图(尺寸单位:mm)

Fig.3 Engineering drawing of experimental grillage (dimensional unit: mm)

图4 试验板架实物背爆面照片

Fig.4 Back of the test grillage

图5 试验模型安装框架(尺寸单位:mm)

Fig.5 Installation frame of test model (dimensional unit: mm)

图6 板架模型与安装框架的配合图

Fig.6 Assembly drawing of grillage and installation frame

图7 板架模型、水箱及框架装配图

Fig.7 Assembly drawing of grillage, water tank, and installation frame

表1 试验工况

Table 1 Test conditions

工况	药量/g	爆距/mm	有效试验发数
1	125	6R₀	1
2	125	4R₀	1
3	125	2R₀	1
4	125	R₀	1
5	500	4R₀	2
6	500	2R₀	2
7	500	R₀	2

图8 炸药在板架模型上投影位置

Fig.8 Explosive projection position on the grillage

图9 板架模型PDV测点位置示意图

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of PDV measuring points on the grillage

图10 不同药量板架模型典型破坏情况

Fig.10 Typical damage conditions of the grillage with different charges

图11 工况7试验后收集到的飞片

Fig.11 Fragments collected under test condition 7

图12 各工况下板架变形及破损状态

Fig.12 Deformation and damage conditions of the grillage with different test conditions

图13 各工况下板架8个测点速度时程曲线

Fig.13 Velocity curve versus time of 8 points on grillages under each test condition

图14 板架试验的数值计算模型

Fig.14 Numerical model of grillage test

图15 工况4试验与数值计算结果对比

Fig.15 Comparison between test and numerical results under test condition 4

图16 工况4测点D1速度时程试验与数值计算结果对比

Fig.16 Comparison of velocity curves of test and numerical results under test condition 4

表2 工况4各测点速度峰值试验与数值对比

Table 2 Comparison of test points’ peak velocity values under test condition 4

测点编号	速度峰值/(m·s^-1)		数值计算与试验偏差/%
测点编号	试验结果	数值计算结果	数值计算与试验偏差/%
D₁	1189	1130	-5
D₂	253	162	-36
D₃	45	62	37.8
D₄	35	52	48.6
D₅	130	129	-0.8
D₆	39	42	7.7
D₇	34	37	8.8

表3 各工况D1测点速度峰值试验与数值对比

Table 3 Comparison of D1 test point’s peak velocity value under each test condition

工况编号	速度峰值/(m·s^-1)		数值计算与试验偏差/%
工况编号	试验结果	数值计算结果	数值计算与试验偏差/%
2	286	254	-11.2
3	558	541	-3
4	1189	1130	-5
5	325	332	2.2
6	766	693	-9.5
7	1694	1507	-11

图17 工况2破口出现区域及模型速度分布

Fig.17 Damage area and velocity distribution under test condition 2

图18 工况3破口出现区域及模型速度分布

Fig.18 Damage area and velocity distribution under test condition 3

图19 工况2模型破坏过程及各结构件速度分布云图

Fig.19 Damage process and velocity contours under test condition 2

图20 工况3模型破坏过程及各结构件速度分布云图

Fig.20 Damage process and velocity contours under test condition 3

图21 工况4破口出现区域及模型速度分布

Fig.21 Damage process and velocity contours under test condition 4

图22 板架模型距爆心投影点不同距离处速度分布

Fig.22 Velocity distribution of points on the grillage versus the relative distance from the projection point

表4 板架模型试验速度拟合参数

Table 4 Fitting parameters of test velocities of the grillage

工况编号	爆距/mm	药量/g	A₀	B₀	α
2	4R₀=106	125	328.7	-54.0	-0.125
3	2R₀=53	125	641.6	-14.9	-0.234
4	R₀=26.5	125	1214.0	-5.7	-0.384

图23 不同药量下板架模型距爆心投影点不同相对距离处速度分布对比

Fig.23 Velocity distribution of points versus the relative distance from the projection point with different charges

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