单点及三点阵列毁伤模式对钢筋混凝土梁的毁伤效能比较

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为获得三点阵列接触爆炸的毁伤规律及增益效果,开展钢筋混凝土梁三点阵列接触爆炸、单点接触爆炸试验和数值模拟研究。观测在相同总装药量下的局部破坏特征,分析在不同毁伤模式下对局部毁伤效应的影响。研究结果表明:总装药量相同时,三点阵列爆炸过程中多个爆炸压缩波在梁构件内部传播并发生耦合增强效应,有效提升破坏威力,构件发生正面成坑、侧面崩落、背面震塌和截面冲切4种局部破坏模式,而单点毁伤模式仅发生正面成坑、侧面崩落和背面震塌3种局部破坏模式;结合有限元仿真结果,发现在一定范围内,随着炸药之间距离的降低,梁跨中的毁伤深度越大但迎爆面的损伤面积减小,随着炸药数量的增加,其迎爆面的损伤面积增大,但损伤深度相应的减小,这表明在接触爆炸载荷作用下,钢筋混凝土梁的破坏不仅与装药阵列距离和装药数量有关,还与阵列中单体装药的质量有关;研究成果可为钢筋混凝土梁的高效毁伤和提高爆炸能量利用率的研究提供一定的参考。

关键词: 三点阵列, 接触爆炸, 钢筋混凝土梁, 局部破坏, 毁伤模式, 动力响应, 数值分析

Abstract:

The single-point and three-point array contact explosion tests and numerical simulations of reinforced concrete beams are investigated to obtain the destruction law and the gain effect of three-point array contact explosion. The local failure characteristics under the same total mass of explosives were observed, and the effects on the local damage effect under different damage patterns were analyzed. The results show that, when the total mass of explosives is the same, multiple blast compressive waves propagate inside the beam member during the explosion of the three-point array and occur a coupling enhancement effect, effectively enhancing the damage power. Four local damage patterns of front cratering, side breakdown, back collapsing and section punching occur in the three-point array damage, and three local damage patterns of front cratering, side breakdown and back collapsing occur in the single-point damage under the action of contact explosion load. Combined with the finite element simulation results, it is found that,the depth of destruction in the beam span is higher, but the damage area of blast-face decreases as the distance between the explosives decreases; and the damage area of blast-face increases, but the damage depth decreases accordingly as the quantity of explosives increases. This indicates that the damage of reinforced concrete beams under contact blast loads is not only related to the distance of charge array and the quantity of charges, but also to the mass of individual explosives in the array. The research results can provide a certain reference for studying the efficient damage of reinforced concrete beams and improving the utilization of explosive energy.

Key words: three-point array, contact explosion, reinforced concrete beam, local failure, damage pattern, dynamic response, numerical analysis

中图分类号:

O383

夏柳, 武伟超, 潘艾刚, 王亚飞, 王强, 闫伸. 单点及三点阵列毁伤模式对钢筋混凝土梁的毁伤效能比较[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(12): 3851-3861.

XIA Liu, WU Weichao, PAN Aigang, WANG Yafei, WANG Qiang, YAN Shen. A Comparison of Damage Effectivenesses of Reinforced Concrete Beams by Single-point and Three-point Array Damage Patterns[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(12): 3851-3861.

图/表 19

图1 梁结构尺寸、配筋及应变片等设备放置位置

Fig.1 Structure sizes and reinforcing bars and location diagram of strain gauge and other sensors of beam

表1 钢筋混凝土梁试验工况

Table 1 Test conditions of reinforced concrete beams

工况编号	爆炸方式	放置位置	炸药数量/颗	单节点装药量/kg	药间距/mm	起爆方式
梁1	接触	顶部	1	1.5		单点起爆
梁2	接触	顶部	3	0.5	200	同时起爆

图2 炸药放置位置俯视示意图及试验装置布置图

Fig.2 Top view of explosive placement position and layout of explosion test site

图3 梁1、梁2破坏形态

Fig.3 Failure modes of Beam 1 and Beam 2

表2 破坏特征对比

Table 2 Comparison of damage characteristics

编号	爆炸坑深度/mm	混凝土最大破坏长度/mm	跨中位移/ mm	迎爆面钢筋最大水平位移/mm	迎爆面钢筋最大纵向位移/mm	暴露箍筋数量/ 根
梁1	270	960	32	80	45	4
梁2	400(贯穿)	1100	197	346	148	7

图4 梁1不同截面应变变化

Fig.4 Strain variation process of different sections of Beam 1

图5 应变变化

Fig.5 Strain change

图6 加速度变化过程图

Fig.6 Acceleration change process diagram

图7 钢筋混凝土梁有限元模型

Fig.7 Finite element model of reinforced concrete beam

图8 混凝土材料模型的破坏准则[20]

Fig.8 Failure criteria for concrete material models[20]

表3 数值模拟材料模型及参数

Table 3 Numerical simulation material model and parameters

材料	本构模型	输入参数	数值
		泊松比	0.2
混凝土	*MAT_CONCRETE_DAMAGE_REL3(MAT_72)	密度/(g·cm^-3)	2.4
		混凝土强度/MPa	31
		泊松比	0.3
纵筋	*MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC(MAT_003)	杨氏模量/GPa	200
		屈服应力/MPa	450
		极限应变	0.1
		泊松比	0.3
箍筋	*MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC(MAT_003)	杨氏模量/GPa	200
		屈服应力/MPa	400
		极限应变	0.1
		密度/(g·cm^-3)	1.695
炸药	*MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN(MAT_008)	爆速/(m·s^-2)	8300
		爆压/GPa	30

图9 梁1试验结果与数值模拟结果损伤对比

Fig.9 Comparison of test and numerically simulated damage results of Beam 1

图10 梁2试验结果与数值模拟结果损伤对比

Fig.10 Comparison of test and numerically simulated results of Beam 2

图11 试验与数值模拟加速度对比

Fig.11 Comparison of test and numerically simulated accelerations

表4 钢筋混凝土梁试验与数值模拟工况

Table 4 Experiment and numerical simulation conditions of reinforced concrete beam

工况种类	编号	接触方式	炸药位置	炸药数量/颗	单节点装药量/kg	各爆点距离/m
试验工况	L1	接触	顶部	1	1.5
	L2	接触	顶部	3	0.5	0.2
	C1	接触	顶部	3	0.5	0.1
数值模拟	C2	接触	顶部	3	0.5	0.3
	C3	接触	顶部	2	0.75	0.2
	C4	接触	顶部	5	0.3	0.2

图12 不同爆炸距离下梁损伤对比

Fig.12 Comparison of beam damages at different blast distances

图13 不同爆炸距离下梁加速度对比

Fig.13 Comparison of beam accelerations at different blast distances

图14 不同爆炸数量下梁损伤对比

Fig.14 Comparison of beam damages at different blast numbers

图15 不同爆炸数量下梁加速度对比

Fig.15 Comparison of beam accelerations at different blast numbers

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