分布式弱反射光纤光栅水听器线列阵指向性分析与测试

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0792

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高光纤水听器线阵列的目标探测性能,设计一种连续螺旋缠绕增敏的柔顺型分布式弱反射光纤光栅水听器线列阵。分析远场平面波的水声作用机理,根据弹性力学理论建立水听器声压相位灵敏度模型;光纤连续螺旋缠绕于高密度聚乙烯材料中空柱体,若光栅间光纤长度为10m,水听器单元的灵敏度为-133.99dB(re 1 rad/μPa),搭建6元分布式弱反射光纤光栅水听器线列阵消声水池实验系统。实验结果表明,水听器平均声压灵敏度为-136.00dB,单元指向性测试曲线与理论曲线整体趋势一致,波束响应测试曲线与理论曲线在最大值对应方位、波束宽度方面完全吻合。

关键词: 弱反射光纤光栅水听器, 分布式, 波束形成, 声压灵敏度, 单元指向性

Abstract:

A compliant distributed weak reflection fiber Bragg grating (WRFBG) hydrophone linear array with continuous spiral winding and sensitization is devised to improve the target detection performance of fiber optic hydrophone linear array.Based on the theory of elasticity,a hydrophone acoustic pressure phase sensitivity model is developed by continuously and spirally winding the optical fiber around a hollow cylinder made of high density polyethylene.If the length of optical fiber between gratings is 10m,the sensitivity of hydrophone unit is -133.99dB (re 1 rad/μPa).An anechoic water tank experimental facility is constructed for a six-element distributed WRFBG hydrophone linear array.The experimental results reveale that the average acoustic pressure sensitivity of hydrophone is -136.00dB.The overall tendency of unit directivity test curve is consistent with that of the theoretical curve.The test curves of beam response are in perfect agreement with the theoretical curves in terms of azimuth and beam width for the maximums.

Key words: weak reflection fiber Bragg grating hydrophone, beam formation, acoustic pressure sensitivity, unit directivity

中图分类号:

TN248.1

顾宏灿, 王佳蓓, 王鹏, 祝苗, 姚高飞, 黄俊斌, 吕加庆. 分布式弱反射光纤光栅水听器线列阵指向性分析与测试[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(9): 240792-.

GU Hongcan, WANG Jiabei, WANG Peng, ZHU Miao, YAO Gaofei, HUANG Junbin, LÜ Jiaqing. Directivity Analysis and Test of a Distributed WRFBG Hydrophone Linear Array[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(9): 240792-.

图/表 16

图1 柔顺型分布式WRFBG水听器局部结构

Fig.1 Local structure of a compliant distributed WRFBG hydrophone

图2 柔顺型分布式WRFBG光纤光栅水听器局部结构和整体结构示意图

Fig.2 Local and overall structure of a compliant distributed WRFBG hydrophone

图3 远场声波作用在WRFBG水听器上

Fig.3 Far-field waves acting on WRFBG hydrophone

表1 45°波达方向γ与方位误差之间的对应关系

Table 1 The correspondence between γ and azimuth error in the direction of arrival of wave at 45°

γ	方位误差/(°)	γ	方位误差/(°)
100	0.08	1600	0.90
200	0.10	3200	1.80
400	0.20	6400	3.60
800	0.40	12800	7.10

图4 光纤布拉格光栅水听器系统原理

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of a fiber Bragg grating hydrophone

图5 长1.2m的6元分布式WRFBG水听器样阵

Fig.5 1.2m-long 6 element distributed WRFBG hydrophone array

图6 6元分布式WRFBG水听器阵列的反射信号批匹配干涉探测波形

Fig.6 Interference detection waveforms of reflection signal matching of six-element distributed WRFBG hydrophone array

图7 消声水池实验系统

Fig.7 An anechoic water tank experimental facility

图8 6元样阵各基元的干涉波形

Fig.8 Interference waveforms of elements in the six-element array sample

图9 水听器1的解调信号与发射信号

Fig.9 Transmit and demodulation signals of Hydrophone 1

图10 6元样阵各水听器基元频响

Fig.10 Frequency response curves of hydrophone elements in the six-element array sample

图11 不同频率声波作用下的单元指向性

Fig.11 Element directivity curves under the effect of sound wave at different frequencies

图12 不同声波频率入射角度90°时的方位-时间历程

Fig.12 Azimuth-time curves of different sound wave frequencies with an incident angle of 90°

图13 不同频率声波入射角90°时阵列的波束响应

Fig.13 Beam response curves of array at different sound wave frequencies with an incident angle of 90°

图14 不同频率声波入射角55°时阵列的波束响应

Fig.14 Beam response curves of array at different sound wave frequencies with an incident angle of 55°

表2 不同入射方向的声波在不同频率下的波束宽度

Table 2 Beam widths of sound waves in different incident directions at different frequencies (°)

入射方向/(°)	类别	频率/kHz
入射方向/(°)	类别	2.500	3.125	4.000	5.000	6.300	8.000	10.000
40	测试宽度	60.0	55.0	34.0	25.0	22.0	16.0	15.0
	理论计算宽度	55.5	46.7	31.6	23.3	20.1	14.9	11.9
	差值	4.5	8.3	2.4	1.7	1.9	1.1	3.1
55	测试宽度	37.0	33.0	26.0	18.0	15.0	12.0	10.0
	理论计算宽度	40.8	32.5	24.5	17.8	14.9	11.7	9.3
	差值	-3.8	0.5	1.5	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.7
75	测试宽度	26.0	24.0	20.0	16.0	13.0	11.0	9.0
	理论计算宽度	31.8	25.4	19.7	15.8	12.4	9.9	7.9
	差值	-5.8	-1.4	0.3	0.2	0.6	1.1	1.1
90	测试宽度	30.0	24.0	18.0	15.0	12.0	10.0	8.0
	理论计算宽度	30.6	24.4	19.0	15.2	12.0	9.4	7.6
	差值	-0.6	-0.4	-1.0	-0.2	0	0.6	0.4
100	测试宽度	30.0	24.0	18.0	15.0	12.0	10.0	8.0
	理论计算宽度	30.6	24.4	19.0	15.2	12.0	9.4	7.6
	差值	-0.6	-0.4	-1.0	-0.2	0	0.6	0.4
115	测试宽度	31.0	25.0	20.0	16.0	13.0	10.0	80.
	理论计算宽度	33.9	26.9	20.9	16.5	12.9	10.2	8.2
	差值	-2.9	-1.9	-0.9	-0.5	0.1	-0.2	-0.2
135	测试宽度	50.0	33.0	28.0	23.0	20.0	15.0	21.0
	理论计算宽度	46.3	36.0	26.8	22.3	17.6	13.7	11.0
	差值	3.7	-3.0	1.2	0.7	2.4	1.3	10.0
145	测试宽度	56.0	47.0	32.0	28.0	24.0	18.0	23.0
	理论计算宽度	56.2	53.9	38.8	29.7	23.4	17.1	13.8
	差值	-0.2	-6.9	-6.8	-1.7	0.6	0.9	9.2

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