电爆驱动高速飞片冲击下HNS小尺寸装药的起爆与爆轰特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0081

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

爆炸箔起爆技术具有高安全性和高可靠性,且便于微型化、集成化,契合精密微起爆系统需求。为深入认识爆炸箔起爆系统小尺寸装药引发与爆轰输出特性,搭建电爆炸驱动飞片特性同步观测系统,以及飞片冲击起爆小尺寸装药爆轰的炸药与窗口界面粒子速度测试系统,研究飞片速度、形态特性及其冲击作用下超细六硝基茋(Ultrafine Hexanitrostilbene, HNS-IV)小尺寸装药的起爆与爆轰反应行为。研究结果表明:起爆电压与飞片出膛速度呈正相关,起爆电压900~1500V时,飞片出膛速度为2000~4200m/s;高强度冲击下HNS-IV基炸药爆轰成长距离短,在3455m/s飞片作用下,2.14mm内可成长为稳定爆轰,爆轰波结构分析表明其反应速率快,爆轰反应时间小于27ns,反应区宽度仅0.13mm;3mm直径小尺寸装药条件并未显著影响HNS-IV炸药的主要爆轰反应,但反应后期出现能量快速衰减现象。基于试验标定炸药爆轰反应速率方程,进一步仿真研究了装药尺寸对能量输出的影响,结果显示与增加装药直径相比,增大药柱厚度更能有效提升装药端面的能量输出。

关键词: 电爆炸驱动飞片, HNS炸药, 爆轰反应区, 冲击起爆, 爆轰反应速率方程

Abstract:

Exploding foil initiators (EFIs) represents a promising initiation technology for meeting the high requirements of miniaturized and integrated weapon systems for initiation capability.To conduct an in-depth research on the initiation and detonation output characteristics of small-sized charges in the exploding foil initiator system,a synchronous test system for observing the electrical explosion-driven flyer characteristics of metal bridge foils and a particle velocity measurement system for measuring the velocity of particle at the explosive-window interface for flyer-impact-initiated small-sized explosive detonation are built.The velocity and morphological characteristics of flyers and the initiation and detonation reaction behaviors of small-sized Ultrafine Hexanitrostilbene (HNS-IV) explosive under flyer impact were investigated.The results show that the flyer velocity is positively correlated with the initiation voltage.When the initiation voltage ranges from 900V to 1500V, the flyer velocity exiting the accelerator chamber is measured at 2000m/s to 4200m/s.HNS-IV-based explosives demonstrates a short growth distance of detonation under high-intensity impact.For instance,a stable detonation is achieved within just 2.14mm under the action of a 3455m/s flyer.The further analysis of detonation wave structure indicates that HNS-IV has a fast detonation reaction rate,with a reaction time of less than 27 ns and a reaction zone width of only 0.13mm.Under the condition of a 3mm-diameter charge,the main detonation reaction of HNS-IV explosives remaines largely unaffected,but the energy decays rapidly in the late stage of reaction.The detonation reaction rate model is first calibrated with the experimental results,and then the effect of charge size on the energy output is studied through simulation.The results show that the increase in charge thickness is more effective in enhancing the energy output at the end of charge than the increase in charge diameter.

Key words: electric explosion-driven flyer, HNS explosive, detonation reaction zone, shock initiation, detonation reaction rate equation

中图分类号:

TJ450

杨坤, 刘丹阳, 蹇雨桐, 王菁, 刘昌华, 何亚新, 顾玲芝, 陈朗. 电爆驱动高速飞片冲击下HNS小尺寸装药的起爆与爆轰特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(6): 240081-.

YANG Kun, LIU Danyang, JIAN Yutong, WANG Jing, LIU Changhua, HE Yaxin, GU Lingzhi, CHEN Lang. Initiation and Detonation Characteristics of Small-sized HNS Explosive Charges under the Impact of High-speed Flyers Driven by Electric Explosion[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(6): 240081-.

图/表 18

图1 电爆炸驱动飞片特性的同步测试系统

Fig.1 Synchronous test system for testing the characteristics of flyer driven by electric explosion

图2 小尺寸装药炸药与窗口界面粒子速度测试试验装置

Fig.2 Experimental device for measuring the particle velocity at explosive/window interface in small-sized chargers

图3 飞片速度-时间曲线及其与电爆电压变化的对比

Fig.3 Flyer velocity-time curve and and its comparison with the change in electric explosion voltage

表1 电爆炸驱动高速飞片的电爆参数和飞片速度参数

Table 1 Electric explosion and flyer velocity parameters for high-speed flyer driven by electric explosion

电压峰值/V	电流峰值/A	峰值电流时刻/ ns	电爆时刻/ns	飞片最大速度/ (m·s^-1)	出膛时刻/ns	出膛速度/ (m·s^-1)
1196	2036	380	236	4710	353	4125
1547	2264	379	225	4914	332	4192

图4 桥箔电爆形成的飞片形态和等离子体流场纹影照片

Fig.4 Schlieren photos of the flyer morphology and plasma flow field after electric explosion

图5 不同起爆电压条件下飞片速度随时间变化曲线

Fig.5 Flyer velocity-time curves under different initiation voltages

表2 不同起爆电压下飞片出膛时刻和出膛速度

Table 2 Time and velocity of the flyer exiting the accelerator chamber under different initiation voltages

起爆电压/V	出膛时刻/ns	出膛速度/(m·s^-1)
900	323.04	2186
1000	292.95	2885
1200	249.95^*	3455^*
1500	235.15^*	4068^*

图6 不同厚度、起爆电压下HNS-IV:Binder=98:2炸药与窗口界面粒子速度随时间变化

Fig.6 Particle velocities at the HNS-IV:Binder=98:2 explosive/window interface under different charge thicknesses and initiation voltages

图7 不同厚度、起爆电压下HNS-IV炸药与窗口界面粒子速度随时间变化

Fig.7 Particle velocities at HNS-IV/window interface under different charge thicknesses and initiation voltages

图8 炸药与窗口界面粒子速度随时间变化对比

Fig.8 Variation of particle velocity at explosive/window interface over time

图9 界面粒子速度的双函数拟合

Fig.9 Double-function fitting of interfacial particle velocity

图10 小尺寸装药炸药与窗口界面粒子速度测量试验结果

Fig.10 Experimental particle velocity at the explosive/window interface in small-sized chargers

表3 10mm直径小尺寸装药爆轰反应区参数

Table 3 Parameters of detonation reaction zone for 10mm-diameter charge

密度/ (g·cm^-3)	爆速/ (m·s^-1)	双函数拟合法			EXPLO5计算值
密度/ (g·cm^-3)	爆速/ (m·s^-1)	t_C-J/ ns	宽度/ mm	p_C-J/ GPa	爆速/ (m·s^-1)	p_C-J/ GPa
1.328	6029	26.6	0.13	11.8	6168	13.0

图11 不同尺寸装药炸药与窗口界面粒子速度及其衰减速率对比

Fig.11 Comparison of interfacial particle velocities and their decay rates of different charges with different sizes

表4 小尺寸装药下HNS-IV基炸药爆轰反应区结构参数

Table 4 Detonation reaction zone parameters of HNS-IV-based explosive in small-sized charges

炸药配方	试验设置	密度/(g·cm^-3)	t_I/ns	u_I/(m·s^-1)	t_II/ns	u_II/(m·s^-1)
HNS-IV:Binder=98:2	ϕ3×2.14mm,1200V	1.445 ±0.003	21.1	925	70.6	633
	ϕ3×2.13mm,1500V		21.4	891	66.6	648
	ϕ3×3.04mm,1500V		20.6	944	64.6	652
HNS-IV	ϕ3×1.76mm,1500V	1.50 ±0.005	22.1	904	72.0	667
HNS-IV	ϕ3×2.11mm,1200V	1.50 ±0.005	20.6	942	67.9	671

表5 HNS-IV:Binder=98:2炸药爆轰反应速率方程参数

Table 5 Parameters of detonation reaction rate equation for HNS-IV:Binder=98:2 explosive

I	a	b	x	G₁	c	d	y
1000000	0.100	0.667	8	860	0.667	0.667	1.0
G₂	e	g	z	F_igmax	$F G 1 m a x$	$F G 2 m i n$
10000	0.667	0.667	3.0	0.08	1.0	0.0

表5 HNS-IV:Binder=98:2炸药爆轰反应速率方程参数

Table 5 Parameters of detonation reaction rate equation for HNS-IV:Binder=98:2 explosive

I	a	b	x	G₁	c	d	y
1000000	0.100	0.667	8	860	0.667	0.667	1.0
G₂	e	g	z	F_igmax	$F G 1 m a x$	$F G 2 m i n$
10000	0.667	0.667	3.0	0.08	1.0	0.0

图12 数值模拟界面粒子速度和试验结果对比

Fig.12 Comparison of numerical simulated interfacial particle velocities with experimental results

图13 不同尺寸小尺寸装药与窗口界面中心压力随时间变化曲线

Fig.13 Pressure at the middle of small-sized charge/window interface

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