攻角对超空泡射弹出水流动特性的影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0408

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超空泡射弹出水过程往往会因为发射扰动、横流、波浪等情况出现攻角,影响射弹运动轨迹,对射弹成功出水造成干扰。基于流体体积多相流模型和移动计算域方法,建立超空泡射弹带攻角出水数值计算模型,对不同攻角、速度的射弹出水过程进行仿真。计算结果表明:水中运动阶段射弹存在较小攻角时对空泡形态影响很小,攻角继续增大时射弹肩部和尾部出现沾湿,肩部沾湿产生的二次空泡可能会重新包裹尾部,并导致空泡在迎流侧径向分布更长、不对称明显,空泡在射弹穿透液面后存在扩张趋势。射弹在运动初期表面压力较高,随着空泡的生成高压区域迅速减小,后续运动中会由于局部沾湿、液面附近空泡闭合以及与液面飞溅碰撞而出现局部高压。局部高压多出现在迎流侧,导致该侧压力大于背流侧,射弹出现侧向力和偏航力矩,使射弹的运动轨迹和姿态改变以及攻角减小,初始攻角越大对射弹运动中的攻角、偏航角变化和运动轨迹的影响越明显。当射弹处于5°攻角且速度持续增大时,速度对空泡形态、射弹运动轨迹和偏航角的影响减弱。

关键词: 超空泡射弹, 出水, 攻角, 空泡演化, 水动力

Abstract:

The water-exit process of supercaviting projectile often has an angle of attack due to launch perturbation, cross-current, wave, etc., which affects the trajectory of projectile and interferes with the successful water-exit of projectile. A numerical model for the water-exit process of supercaviting projectile with angle of attack is established based on the volume-of-fluid multiphase flow model and the moving computational domain method, and the water-exit processes of projectile at with different angles of attack and velocities are simulated. The calculated results show that a small angle of attack of the projectile has little effect on the cavity morphology in the water movement stage, and the shoulder and tail of projectile are wet with the increase in the angle of attack. A secondary cavity produced by the shoulder wetting may be rewrapped in the tail, and leads to the longer and obvious asymmetric radial distribution of cavity on the inflow side. The cavity has a tendency to expand after the projectile penetrates the water surface. The surface pressure of projectile is high at the beginning of the movement, and the high pressure region decreases rapidly as a cavity is generated, and the local high pressure occurs in the subsequent movement due to local wetting, cavity closure near the water surface, and splash collision with the water surface. The local high pressure occurs mostly on the inflow side, resulting in a higher pressure on that side than on the backflow side. The lateral forces and yaw moments appearing on the projectile cause the trajectory and attitude of the projectile to change and the angle of attack to decrease. The larger the initial angle of attack is, the more obvious its effect on the angle of attack, yaw angle change and trajectory of projectile is. When the projectile is at an angle of attack of 5° and the velocity continues to increase, the effect of velocity on the cavity morphology, the motion trajectory and yaw angle of projectile is weakened.

Key words: supercaviting projectile, water-exit, angle of attack, cavity evolution, hydrodynamics

中图分类号:

TJ297

李赫, 王旭, 吕续舰. 攻角对超空泡射弹出水流动特性的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(5): 240408-.

LI He, WANG Xu, LÜ Xujian. Influence of Angle of Attack on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Supercavitating Projectile in Water-exit Process[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(5): 240408-.

图/表 24

图1 射弹模型及攻角、偏航角示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagrams of the projectile model, angle of attack and yaw angle

表1 计算工况

Table 1 Calculational cases

工况	初始攻角/(°)	初始速度/(m·s^-1)
1	0	200
2	1	200
3	3	200
4	5	200
5	5	100
6	5	300

图2 计算域及参考坐标系设置

Fig.2 Calculation domain and reference coordinate system settings

图3 网格划分示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of mesh division

图4 不同网格数工况阻力系数和速度随时间的变化

Fig.4 Change of resistance coefficient and velocity with time for different mesh number conditions

图5 文献[18]中的超空泡射弹模型

Fig.5 Supercaviting projectile modelling in Ref. [18]

图6 射弹高速出水试验与仿真空泡形态对比

Fig.6 Comparison of experimental and simulated cavity morphologies of a projectile exiting water at high velocity

图7 试验与仿真空泡长度、射弹运动位移对比

Fig.7 Comparison of experimental and simulated cavity lengths and projectile motion displacements

图8 不同攻角下射弹运动初期空泡演化和流场速度分布

Fig.8 Cavity evolution and flow field velocity distribution at the initial stage of projectile motion at different angles of attack

图9 不同攻角下射弹出水空泡演化与表面沾湿特性

Fig.9 Cavity evolution and surface wetting characteristics in water-exit process of projectile at different angles of attack

图10 不同攻角下射弹出水空泡轮廓

Fig.10 Cavity profiles of projectile water-exit at different angles of attack

图11 不同攻角射弹出水过程压力分布云图

Fig.11 Pressure distribution of projectile in water-exit process at different angles of attack

图12 射弹表面监测点分布

Fig.12 Distribution of projectile surface monitoring points

图13 射弹表面监测点压力随时间的变化

Fig.13 Change of pressure at monitoring points on the surface of projectile with time

图14 不同攻角射弹出水过程速度分布云图

Fig.14 Velocity distribution of projectile in water-exit process at different angles of attack

图15 不同攻角射弹运动参数随时间的变化

Fig.15 Changes of projectile motion parameters with time at different angles of attack

图16 不同攻角偏航力矩系数随时间的变化

Fig.16 Changes of yaw moment coefficients of projectiles with time at different angles of attack

图17 射弹攻角变化示意图

Fig.17 Schematic diagram of the change in the angle of attack of projectile

图18 不同速度下射弹出水过程空泡演化与表面沾湿特性

Fig.18 Cavity evolution and surface wetting characteristics of projectile in water-exit process at different velocities

图19 射弹以200m/s和300m/s出水时的空泡轮廓对比

Fig.19 Comparison of cavity profiles for projectiles exiting the water at 200m/s and 300m/s

图20 射弹以不同速度出水时压力场与速度场分布云图

Fig.20 Distribution of pressure and velocity fields for the projectile exiting the water at different velocities

图21 射弹迎流侧监测点压力随时间变化

Fig.21 Change of pressure with time at the monitoring point on inflow side of projectile

图22 不同速度射弹运动参数随时间的变化

Fig.22 Changes of projectile motion parameters with time at different velocities

图23 不同速度射弹偏航力矩系数随时间的变化

Fig.23 Changes of projectile yaw moment coefficients with time at different velocity

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