冰孔约束下弹丸倾斜入水空泡演化特性实验研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0596

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究冰孔约束对弹丸入水空泡演化的影响规律,基于高速摄像技术开展不同冰孔直径下弹丸倾斜入水实验。通过对比分析无冰工况与冰孔约束下弹丸倾斜入水过程,将弹丸入水空泡演化过程分为空泡扩张、空泡表面闭合与空泡深闭合三个阶段进行研究,总结出冰孔约束对弹丸倾斜入水空泡演化特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:在空泡扩张阶段,空泡扩张受到冰孔约束,自由液面附近空泡左侧呈弯曲状,其原因一方面是因为入水点附近的液体向四周运动撞击冰板,消耗了部分用于空泡扩张的能量,另一方面是因为排开的液体撞击冰孔内壁边缘形成反射流,反射流方向与空泡扩张方向相反,进一步限制空泡的扩张;在冰孔直径较小工况下,受反射流冲击,空泡壁右侧出现褶皱,随着冰孔直径增加,空泡左侧轮廓线的弯曲程度逐渐减弱;在空泡表面闭合阶段,褶皱的空泡壁发生局部冲击溃灭,随着冰孔直径增加,反射流逐渐变细、强度逐渐减弱;在空泡深闭合阶段,在冰孔约束下反射流冲击空泡,使得空泡内外压力差变大,加速了空泡发生深闭合;在冰孔直径较小的工况下,局部冲击溃灭程度较大,与尾部脱落溃灭相融合,随着冰孔直径的增加,局部冲击溃灭、气泡簇及反射流相互独立,逐渐接近无冰工况。

关键词: 弹丸, 倾斜入水, 入水实验, 冰孔约束, 空泡演化

Abstract:

The effect of ice hole constraint environment on the cavity evolution of projectile entering water is studied. A projectile oblique water entry experiment with different ice hole diameters is carried out based on high-speed camera technology. Through comparative analysis of the oblique water entry process of projectile under ice-free conditions and ice hole constraint, the cavity evolution of projectile entering water is divided into three stages: cavity expansion, cavity surface closure, and cavity deep closure, and the law of influence of ice hole constraint on the cavity evolution of projectile obliquely entering water is summarized. The results show that, in the stage of cavity expansion, the cavity expansion is constrained by the ice hole, and the left side of the cavity near the free liquid surface is curved. On the one hand, the liquid near the water entry point moves around and impacts the ice plate, which consumes part of the energy used for cavity expansion. On the other hand, the displaced liquid impacts the inner edge of ice hole to form a reflected flow, and the direction of the reflected flow is opposite to the direction of the cavity expansion, which further restricts the expansion of cavity. When the diameter of ice hole is small, the cavity wall has the folds on its right side due to the impact of reflected flow. With the increase in the ice hole diameter, the curvature of the left side profile of the cavity gradually weakens. In the closure stage of the cavity surface, the folded cavity wall collapses with local impact, and the reflected flow becomes thinner and weaker with the increase in the diameter of ice hole. In the deep closure stage of the cavity, the reflected flow impacts the cavity under the constraint of ice hole, which makes the pressure difference between the inside and outside of cavity larger and accelerates the deep closure of the cavity. When the diameter of ice hole is small, the local impact collapse is stronger, which is integrated with the tail shedding collapse. With the increase in the diameter of ice hole, the local impact collapse, closed jet and reflected flow are independent of each other, whics is gradually approach the ice-free condition.

Key words: projectile, oblique water entry, water entry experiment, ice hole constraint environment, cavity evolution

中图分类号:

O383
TJ012.3

鹿麟, 陈凯敏, 侯宇, 胡彦晓, 张东晓, 高词松, 杨哲. 冰孔约束下弹丸倾斜入水空泡演化特性实验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(9): 3082-3090.

LU Lin, CHEN Kaimin, HOU Yu, HU Yanxiao, ZHANG Dongxiao, GAO Cisong, YANG Zhe. Experimental Study on the Cavity Evolution Characteristics of Projectile Obliquely Entering Water under Ice Hole Constraint Environment[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(9): 3082-3090.

图/表 10

图1 实验装置示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of experimental apparatus

图2 实验现场布置图

Fig.2 Experimental installation site layout

图3 实验弹丸模型

Fig.3 Experimental projectile model

图4 实验工况示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of experimental conditions

图5 空泡扩张阶段空泡演化实验图

Fig.5 Experimental diagram of cavity evolution during cavity expansion

图6 空泡扩张阶段仰视图(t=3.08ms)

Fig.6 Upward view of cavity expansion stage(t=3.08ms)

图7 空泡收缩空泡演化实验图(t=3.33ms)

Fig.7 Cavity shrinkage evolution experiment diagram(t=3.33ms)

图8 空泡最大直径随时间变化曲线

Fig.8 Maximum cavity diameter-time curve

图9 空泡表面闭合阶段空泡演化实验图

Fig.9 Experimental diagram of cavity evolution in the closur stage of cavity surface

图10 空泡深闭合阶段空泡演化实验图

Fig.10 Experimental diagram of cavity evolution in deep cavity closur stage

参考文献 20

[1]	WORTHINGTON A M. On impact with a liquid surface[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 1883, 34(220-223): 217-230.
[2]	WORTHINGTON A M, COLE R S. V. Impact with a liquid surface, studied by the aid of instantaneous photography[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, 1897,189:137-148.
[3]	MALLOCK H R A. Sounds produced by drops falling on water[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, 1918, 95(667):138-143.
[4]	施红辉, 周浩磊, 吴岩, 等. 伴随超空泡产生的高速细长体入水实验研究[J]. 力学学报, 2012, 44(1):49-55. doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-2012-1-lxxb2011-062
	SHI H H, ZHOU H L, WU Y, et al. Experimental study on water entry of high-speed thin body with supercavitation[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2012, 44(1):49-55. (in Chinese)
[5]	路丽睿, 魏英杰, 王聪, 等. 不同头型射弹低速倾斜入水空泡及弹道特性试验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2018, 39(7):1364-1371. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2018.07.014
	LU L R, WEI Y J, WANG C, et al. Experimental study on cavitation and ballistic characteristics of different head projectiles entering water at low speed[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2018, 39(7):1364-1371. (in Chinese)
[6]	李利剑, 张敏弟, 王占莹, 等. 入水角度对球体高速入水空泡特性影响研究[J]. 装备环境工程, 2023, 20(3):1-14.
	LI L J, ZHANG M D, WANG Z Y, et al. Influence of water entry angle on cavitation characteristics of spheroid high speed water entry[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering, 2023, 20(3):1-14. (in Chinese)
[7]	侯宇, 黄振贵, 郭则庆. 超空泡射弹小入水角高速斜入水试验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(2):332-341. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2020.02.015
	HOU Y, HUANG Z G, GUO Z Q, et al. Experimental study on high-speed oblique entry of supercavitation projectile with small entry angle[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 20, 41(2):332-341. (in Chinese)
[8]	LIU L, WANG C, LI Q, et al. Numerical investigation of water-entry characteristics of high-speed parallel projectiles[J]. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2021, 13: 450-465.
[9]	LU L, GAO C S, QI X B, et al. Numerical study on the water-entry characteristics of asynchronous parallel projectiles at an oblique impact angle[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2023, 271: 113697.
[10]	穆青, 熊天红, 王康健, 等. 不同密度回转体高速倾斜入水空化数值模拟[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(增刊1):116-121.
	MU Q, XIONG T H, WANG K J, et al. Numerical simulation of water cavitation of rotors with different density inclined at high speed[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2019, 41(S1):116-121. (in Chinese)
[11]	胡明勇, 张硕, 孟庆昌, 等. 射弹斜入水时流体动力特性及弹体水动力冲击载荷研究[J]. 海军工程大学学报, 2021, 33(4):7-12.
	HU M Y, ZHANG S, MENG Q C, et al. Study on hydrodynamic characteristics and hydrodynamic impact load of projectile body during oblique entry into water[J]. Journal of Naval University of Engineering, 2021, 33(4):7-12. (in Chinese)
[12]	汪春辉, 王嘉安, 王超, 等. 基于S-ALE方法的圆柱体垂直出水破冰研究[J]. 力学学报, 2021, 53(11): 3110-3123.
	WANG C H, WANG J A, WANG C, et al. Research on ice breaking with vertical water of cylinder based on S-ALE method[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2021, 53(11): 3110-3123. (in Chinese)
[13]	张军, 蔡晓伟, 宣建明, 等. 弹体穿越冰水混合物流动过程的数值模拟[J]. 弹道学报, 2020, 32(3):35-40. doi: 10.12115/j.issn.1004-499X(2020)03-008
	ZHANG J, CAI X W, XUAN J M, et al. Numerical simulation of missile flow through ice-water mixture[J]. Journal of Ballistics, 2019, 32(3):35-40. (in Chinese)
[14]	YOU C, SUN T Z, ZHANG G Y, et al. Numerical study on effect of brash ice on water exit dynamics of ventilated cavitation cylinder[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2022, 245: 110443.
[15]	张健宇. 航行体冰环境约束出水空泡演化及载荷特性研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2021.
	ZHANG J Y. Study on evolution and load characteristics of effluent cavitation constrained by ice environment of navigation body[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2021. (in Chinese)
[16]	蔡晓伟, 宣建明, 王宝寿, 等. 细长体穿越冰-水混合物的出水流场数值模拟[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(增刊1):79-90.
	CAI X W, XUAN J M, WANG B S, et al. Numerical simulation of flow field of thin body through ice-water mixture[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2020, 41(S1):79-90. (in Chinese)
[17]	HU X Y, WEI Y J, WANG C. Hydrodynamics of the projectile entering the water under the ice hole constraint environment[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2023, 35(4): 043305.
[18]	WANG H, HUANG Z G, HUANG D, et al. Influences of floating ice on the vertical water entry process of a trans-media projectile at high speeds[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2022, 265: 112548.
[19]	TANG E L, ZHANG Z, CHEN C, et al. Dynamic response of slender body passing through ice and water mixture at high velocity[J]. Journal of Mechanics, 2022, 38: 257-266.
[20]	LOGVINOVICH G V. Hydrodynamics of free-boundary flows[R]. Jersualem: IPST Press,1972.