横流对尾翼式超空泡射弹入水过程的影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0192

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究横流作用下尾翼式超空泡射弹入水时的空泡流动与弹道特性,采用重叠网格技术和6自由度运动模型对横流干扰下射弹垂直入水过程进行数值模拟研究,分析横流对尾翼式超空泡射弹入水空泡形态、流体动力特性及入水弹道特性变化的影响。研究结果表明:横流的作用限制了迎流侧空泡的径向发展,而对背流侧空泡的扩张则起促进作用,使得整体空泡形态沿流向发生偏移,从而增大了迎流侧弹肩和尾翼的沾湿面积,改变了沾湿处压力场的分布,使射弹的尾拍幅频远大于无横流情况。同时,射弹在空泡内尾拍运动的加剧,增大了升/阻力系数,加速了射弹速度的衰减。此外,空泡形态沿流向的偏转,使俯仰角在背流侧的摆动幅度大于迎流侧,弹道轨迹发生偏移,因此横流对射弹的轨迹和姿态角变化产生明显的影响。

关键词: 超空泡射弹, 尾翼, 横流, 空泡特性, 弹道特性

Abstract:

The cavity flow and ballistic characteristics of a supercavitating projectile with tail fin under the action of transverse flow when entering water are studied. The vertical water-entry process of the projectile under the transverse flow interference is numerically simulated by using the overlapping mesh technique and a 6DoF dynamic model, and the influence of transverse flow on the cavitation shape, hydrodynamic characteristics and trajectory characteristics of the projectile during water entry is analyzed. The results show that the effect of transverse flow restricts the radial development of cavitation bubble on the windward side, but promotes the expansion of cavitation bubble on the leeward side, shifting the overall cavitation shape along the flow direction. As a result, the wetted area of the windward shoulder and tail fin of projectile is increased, and the distribution of the pressure field near the wetted area is changed, making the amplitude frequency of the projectile’s tail fin beat much greater than that in the absence of transverse flow. The intensification of tail fin beat motion inside the cavitation bubble increases the lift/drag coefficient and accelerates the attenuation of the projectile velocity. Besides, the deflection of cavitation shape along the flow direction causes the swing amplitude of pitch angle on the leeward side to be greater than that on the windward side, thus resulting in a deviation of the ballistic trajectory. Therefore, the transverse flow significantly impacts the trajectory and attitude angle of projectile.

Key words: supercavitating projectile, tail fin, transverse flow, supercavitating characteristics, ballistic characteristics

中图分类号:

TJ67

吕科余, 张焕好, 靳笑宇, 赵子杰, 周标军, 刘想炎. 横流对尾翼式超空泡射弹入水过程的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(5): 240192-.

LÜ Keyu, ZHANG Huanhao, JIN Xiaoyu, ZHAO Zijie, ZHOU Biaojun, LIU Xiangyan. Influence of Transverse Flow on a Supercavitating Projectile with Tail Fin during Water Entry[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(5): 240192-.

图/表 18

图1 计算模型

Fig.1 Computational mode

表1 射弹结构参数

Table 1 Structural parameters of a projectile

尾翼直径/ mm	质量/ g	质心位置/ mm	I_xx/ (kg·m²)	I_yy/ (kg·m²)	I_zz/ (kg·m²)
22	160	113.2	2.56×10^-7	3.829×10^-5	3.829×10^-5

图2 计算域轴对称面网格分布

Fig.2 Symmetry plane grid in computational domain

图3 不同网格尺度下超空泡射弹入水速度衰减曲线及空泡轮廓线

Fig.3 Decay curves of water entry velocity and cavity outline of supercavitating projectile at different grid scales

图4 射弹表面分布

Fig.4 y+ distribution on the projectile surface

图5 不同时刻实验与数值结果的空泡轮廓对比

Fig.5 Comparison of experimental and numerical results of cavity outline at different moments

图6 数值结果与实验结果对比

Fig.6 Comparison of numerical and experimental results

图7 垂直入水过程中横流对入水空泡结构的影响

Fig.7 The influence of transverse flow on the cavitation structure of projectile during vertical water entry

图8 垂直入水过程中入水空泡轮廓结构图

Fig.8 Cavity shape of projectile during vertical entry water

图9 有/无横流条件下射弹表面的沾湿情况

Fig.9 Wetting on the surface of projectile with and without transverse flow

图10 有/无横流影响下弹体周围流场的速度矢量分布

Fig.10 Velocity vector distribution of flow field around the projectile with or without transverse flow influence

图11 横流对空泡内水蒸气含量的影响

Fig.11 Influence of transverse flow on the water vapor content inside the cavity

图12 射弹入水后横流对空泡结构演化的影响

Fig.12 Influence of transverse flow on the cavity evolution after projectile enter water

图13 射弹入水后横流对压力场分布的影响

Fig.13 Influence of transverse flow on pressure distributionafter projectile enter water

图14 有/无横流入水过程中射弹升/ 阻力系数变化

Fig.14 Lift and drag coefficient variation during water entry with/without transverse flow

图15 射弹速度衰减曲线

Fig.15 Attenuation curves of projectile velocity

图16 有无横流条件下射弹入水俯仰力矩系数变化

Fig.16 Pitch moment coefficients of a projectile entering water with and without transverse flow

图17 有无横流条件下射弹入水俯仰角和质心轨迹变化

Fig.17 Pitch angle and centroid trajectory of a projectile entering water with and without transverse flow

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