钨锆铪活性合金破片冲击释能行为实验研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.08.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究活性合金材料的冲击释能行为，采用弹道枪驱动一种高强度、高密度的钨锆铪活性合金破片，使其以不同着速撞击Q235钢靶，通过观察靶板穿孔模式和靶后冲击释能火光区的高速摄影图像，提出合金类破片冲击释能的3阶段模型，即冲击激活阶段、自蔓延释能阶段、自激活阶段。结合应力波、热应力理论和冲击温升方程，获得该破片能量的激活门限、能量完全释放的临界条件、释能火光区的最大尺寸及其靶后有效毁伤距离。研究结果表明：钨锆铪活性合金破片不仅具有类似惰性破片的动能毁伤能力，而且在穿靶前活性能耗极小，活性能量在穿靶后毫秒量级内完全释放；破片活性能量被完全激活前，释能火光区的最大毁伤容积和有效毁伤距离分别随破片着速的提高呈指数和线性增长趋势。

关键词: 活性合金破片, 钨锆铪, 冲击释能行为, 释能阈值

Abstract: To investigate the energy release behavior of reactive material under impacting conditions, a high-strength and high-density tungsten-zirconium-hafnium active alloy fragment is driven to impact the Q235 steel target at different speeds by a ballistic gun. A three-stage, including shock activation, self-propagation energy release, and secondary self-activation, model of impact-release energy of alloy fragments is proposed by observing the perforation pattern of steel target and the high-speed photographic image of the post-target impact-release fire zone.The activation threshold of fragment energy, the critical condition of complete energy release, the maximum size of energy release flare region and the effective damage distance behind the target were obtained by applying stress wave, thermal stress theory and shock temperature rise equation. The results show that the tungsten-zirconium-hafnium active alloy fragment not only has the kinetic energy damage ability similar to the inert fragment, but also has a little active energy consumption before the target is penetrated, and the active energy is completely released in a millisecond time regime after penetrating into the target. Before the fragmentation active energy is fully activated, the maximum damage volume and effective damage distance in the release energy flare region increase exponentially and linearly with the increase in fragmentation speed. Key

Key words: activealloyfragment, tungsten-zirconium-hafnium, energyreleasebehavior, energyreleasethreshold

中图分类号:

TJ012.4

王璐瑶，蒋建伟，李梅，马宇宇. 钨锆铪活性合金破片冲击释能行为实验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(8): 1603-1610.

WANG Luyao, JIANG Jianwei, LI Mei, MA Yuyu. Experimental Research on Energy Release Behavior of W/Zr/Hf Alloy Fragment[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2019, 40(8): 1603-1610.

参考文献

［1］杨益, 郑颖, 王坤. 高密度活性材料及其毁伤效应研究进展[J]. 兵器材料科学与工程, 2013, 36(4): 81-85.
YANG Y, ZHENG Y, WANG K. Development progress of high density reactive materials and their damage effect [J]. Ordnance Material Science and Engineering, 2013, 36(4): 81-85.(in Chinese)
[2］陈志优. 金属/聚四氟乙烯反应材料制备和动态力学特性[D]. 北京：北京理工大学, 2016.
CHEN Z Y. Preparation process and dynamic mechanical property of metal/PTFE reactive materials [D]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology, 2016.(in Chinese)
[3］徐松林, 阳世清, 徐文涛, 等. PTFE/Al 反应材料的力学性能研究[J]. 高压物理学报, 2009, 23(5):384-388.
XU S L, YANG S Q, XU W T, et al. Research on the mechanical performance of PTFE/Al reactive materials [J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2009, 23(5):384-388.(in Chinese)
[4］陈思源. Ti/W/PTFE含能破片终点效应研究[D]. 北京：北京理工大学, 2018.
CHEN S Y. Research on terminal effect of Ti/W/PTFE energetic fragments [D]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology, 2018.(in Chinese)
[5］肖艳文, 徐峰悦, 郑元枫, 等. 冷压成型活性材料准静态压缩特性[J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2017, 37(4):337-341.
XIAO Y W, XU F Y, ZHENG Y F, et al. Quasi-static compression properties of cold isostatically pressed reactive material [J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2017, 37(4):337-341. (in Chinese)
[6］张将, 张先锋, 范秉源, 等. 钨锆合金的动态力学特性研究[J]. 兵器材料科学与工程, 2013, 36(1):3-6.
ZHANG J, ZHANG X F, FAN B Y, et al. Dynamic mechanical properties of W-Zr alloy [J]. Ordnance Material Science and Engineering, 2013, 36(1):3-6.(in Chinese)
[7］李朋辉. 钨锆活性材料动态力学性能[D]. 北京：北京理工大学, 2017.
LI P H. Dynamic mechanical properties of W-Zr active material [D]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology, 2017.(in Chinese)
[8］刘桂涛, 梁栋, 赵文天, 等. 锆基多功能合金的动态压缩性能研究[J]. 兵器材料科学与工程, 2012, 35(2): 73-75.
LIU G T, LIANG D, ZHAO W T, et al. The dynamic compression properties of Zr-based multi-function alloy [J]. Ordnance Material Science and Engineering, 2012, 35(2): 73-75.(in Chinese)
[9］ AMES R G. Energy release characteristics of impact-initiated energetic materials[C]∥ Proceedings of Materials Research Society Symposium. Boston, MA, US: Materials Research Society, 2006: 0896-H03-08.1.

[10］陈伟，赵文天，王健，等. 钨锆合金破片毁伤过程研究[J]. 兵器材料科学与工程, 2009, 32(3):108-111.
CHEN W, ZHAO W T, WANG J, et al. Study of damaging process for W-Zr alloy fragment [J]. Ordnance Material Science and Engineering,2009,32(3):108-111. (in Chinese)
[11］梁君夫. 活性破片作用屏蔽装药引爆增强效应研究[D]. 北京: 北京理工大学, 2016.
LIANG J F. Research on enhanced initiation behavior of reactive material fragment impacting covered explosive [D]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology, 2016.(in Chinese)
[12］ COVERDILL A, DELANEY C, JENNRICH A, et al. Tungsten combustion in explosively initiated W/Zr mechanical alloys [J]. Journal of Energetic Materials, 2014,32(3):135-145.
[13］刘晓俊. 活性材料动态力学性能及冲击反应机理研究[D]. 北京:北京理工大学, 2017.
LIU X J. Research of mechanical behavior and impact induced reaction mechanism for reactive materials [D]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology, 2017.(in Chinese)
[14］ WANG L Y, JIANG J W, LI M. High density reactive alloy projectile’s penetration behavior [C]∥ Proceedings of the 1th International Conference on Defense Technology. Beijing, China: Publishing House of Ordnance Industry, 2018.
[15］肖艳文, 徐峰悦, 余庆波, 等. 类钢密度活性材料弹丸撞击铝靶行为实验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2016, 37(6):1016-1022.
XIAO Y W, XU F Y, YU Q B, et al. Experimental research on behavior of active material projectile with steel-like density impacting aluminum target [J]. Acta Armamentrii, 2016, 37(6):1016-1022. (in Chinese)
[16］陈金训, 高德柱, 赵家生, 等. 中国锆、铪[M]. 北京：冶金工业出版社，2012.
CHEN J X, GAO D Z, ZHAO J S, et al. Chinese zirconium and hafnium [M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2012.(in Chinese)
[17］迟润强, 庞宝君, 何茂坚, 等. 球形弹丸超高速正撞击薄板破碎状态实验研究[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2009, 29(3)：231-236.
CHI R Q, PANG B J, HE M J, et al. Experimental investigation for deformation and fragmentation of spheres penetrating sheet at hypervelocity [J]. Explosive and Shock Waves, 2009, 29(3)：231-236.(in Chinese)
[18］王礼立. 应力波基础[M]. 北京：国防工业出版社，2005.
WANG L L. Foundations of stress waves [M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2005. (in Chinese)
[19］ MEYERS M A. 材料动力学行为[M]. 张庆明，刘彦，黄风雷，等，译.北京：国防工业出版社，2005.
MEYERS M A. Dynamic behavior of materials [M]. ZHANG Q M, LIU Y, HUANG F L, et al，translated. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2005.(in Chinese)
[20］汪庆桃, 张庆明, 吴克刚, 等. 超高速碰撞形成一次碎片云特性[J]. 国防科技大学学报, 2013,35(5): 124-128.
WANG Q T, ZHANG Q M, WU K G, et al. Description of the first debris clouds formed by hypervelocity impact[J]. Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 2013,35(5): 124-128.(in Chinese)

第40卷
第8期2019 年8月兵工学报ACTA
ARMAMENTARIIVol.40No.8Aug.2019

[1]	高月光, 冯顺山, 刘云辉, 黄岐. 不同端盖厚度的圆柱形装药壳体破片初速分布[J]. 兵工学报, 0, (): 0-0.
[2]	田超，李志鹏，董永香. 表面驻留对陶瓷复合结构抗侵彻特性影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(5): 1144-1154.
[3]	沈周宇, 温垚珂, 闫文敏, 董方栋, 张俊斌, 李颖. 手枪弹撞击戴防弹头盔人体头颈部靶标的钝击效应[J]. 兵工学报, 0, (): 0-0.
[4]	熊漫漫，闫文敏，徐诚，覃彬，马雪姣. 牛皮模拟靶标的弹道损伤特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(1): 29-36.
[5]	吕映庆，陈南勋，武海军，赵宏远，张雪岩. 弹体高速侵彻超高性能混凝土靶机理[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(1): 37-47.
[6]	马坤，陈春林，冯娜，尹立新，李名锐，周刚. 柱形93钨弹体超高速撞击薄钢板穿孔及破片群扩展特征[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(11): 2350-2359.
[7]	王逸南，张建伟，王治，姚熊亮，杨娜娜. 基于板厚补偿的921A钢与Q345钢靶板在截卵形弹体侵彻下的等效方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(11): 2465-2475.
[8]	宁建国，李钊，马天宝，许香照. 动能弹高速侵彻钢筋混凝土靶时弹丸头部质量侵蚀微观机理[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(9): 1809-1818.
[9]	李梅，王璐瑶，蒋建伟. 典型反应性合金冲击释能量及耦合毁伤能力对比[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(9): 1867-1876.
[10]	任思远, 张庆明, 张晓伟, 田志敏. 环形射流和中心爆炸成型弹丸组合战斗部对混凝土墙的破孔特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(8): 1569-1579.
[11]	马彬，于宪锋，黄正祥，贾鑫，祖旭东，肖强强. 强磁场对聚能射流稳定性作用机制[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(7): 1345-1352.
[12]	温垚珂，郑浩，张俊斌，闫文敏，刘飞. 基于三维数字图像相关技术的防弹衣性能测试与评估[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(6): 1121-1127.
[13]	杜华池，张先锋，刘闯，熊玮，李鹏程，陈海华. 弹体斜侵彻多层间隔钢靶的弹道特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(6): 1204-1214.
[14]	郑秋杰, 郭迎福, 蔡志华, 张磊. 步枪弹高速冲击下防弹头盔功能梯度泡沫内衬的防护性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(6): 1275-1282.
[15]	李鑫，王伟力，梁争峰，陈进，陈元建. 复合结构活性破片对双层靶标毁伤效应[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(4): 764-772.