起爆方式对圆台型云爆弹装置燃料抛撒初期运动规律的数值模拟

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0999

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高燃料空气炸弹(Fuel Air Explosive,FAE)装置爆炸抛撒燃料的极限速度并使速度更加平均,在不改变现有装置整体结构的情况下,采用数值模拟的方法研究起爆方式对FAE装置燃料抛撒径向极限速度的影响。使用有限元分析软件的任意拉格朗日-欧拉算法对圆台型FAE装置抛撒燃料进行数值模拟,对比单点起爆、多点起爆和近似线起爆情况下相同位置节点的径向抛撒速度变化情况。研究结果表明,对于燃料上的单元而言,距离较近的起爆点设置会对这个单元上燃料的抛撒运动产生抑制效果,近似线起爆的方式可以使云雾抛撒得更加均匀,为FAE爆炸燃料抛撒数值模拟的进一步细化研究奠定了基础。

关键词: 燃料空气炸弹, 流固耦合, 抛撒速度, 起爆方式

Abstract:

In order to enhance the maximum dispersal speed of fuel during the explosion of fuel-air explosive (FAE) devices and achieve a more uniform speed distribution, the paper investigates the influences of detonation methods on the radial maximum speed of fuel dispersal in FAE device. Numerical simulation techniques are employed to analyze the influences above while maintaining the overall structure of the existing device. Specifically, the ALE algorithm implemented in LS-DYNA software is utilized to numerically simulate the fuel dispersal in a frustum-shaped FAE device. The changes in radial dispersal speeds of nodes located at identical positions under the conditions of single point initiation, multi-point initiation and approximate line initiation, are compared. The results demonstrate that positioning the initiation point closer to the unit exerts a restraining effect on the dispersal motion of the fuel within that specific element. Additionally, for a certain point on the fuel, the adoption of the approximate line initiation method proves effective in achieving a more uniform dispersal of fuel cloud and mist. This finding serves as a foundational step towards the further refinement of numerical simulations concerning FAE explosive fuel dispersal.

Key words: fuel-air explosive, fluid-structure interaction, dispersal, initiation method

中图分类号:

O383

杨振寰, 袁野, 刘鑫, 曲嘉. 起爆方式对圆台型云爆弹装置燃料抛撒初期运动规律的数值模拟[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(9): 3071-3081.

YANG Zhenhuan, YUAN Ye, LIU Xin, QU Jia. Numerical Simulation on the Effects of Initiation Methods on the Initial Movement of Fuel Dispersal in a Frustum-shaped FAE Device[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(9): 3071-3081.

图/表 18

图1 圆台型FAE结构示意图

Fig.1 Frustum-shaped FAE device

图2 理论极限速度随半径的变化曲线

Fig.2 The curve of the theoretical limit speed changing with radius

图3 仿真有限元模型

Fig.3 Finite element model for numerical simulation

图4 模型网格划分

Fig.4 Mesh generation of the model

表1 TNT炸药材料参数

Table 1 TNT material parameters

ρ_TNT/ (kg·m^-3)	D_TNT/ (m·s^-1)	p_C-J/ GPa	A/ GPa	B/ GPa	R₁	R₂	$E 0 T N T$ / (J·m^-3)	ω
1658	6930	21	374	7.3	4.15	0.9	7×10⁹	0.3

表1 TNT炸药材料参数

Table 1 TNT material parameters

ρ_TNT/ (kg·m^-3)	D_TNT/ (m·s^-1)	p_C-J/ GPa	A/ GPa	B/ GPa	R₁	R₂	$E 0 T N T$ / (J·m^-3)	ω
1658	6930	21	374	7.3	4.15	0.9	7×10⁹	0.3

表2 铝合金材料参数

Table 2 Aluminum alloy material parameters

ρ_Al/ (kg·m^-3)	E_Al/ GPa	PR	σ_0Al/ MPa	E_Altan/ GPa	β
2700	60	0.3	262	1	0.6

表3 燃料材料参数

Table 3 Fuel material parameters

ρ_w/(kg·m^-3)	S₁	S₂	S₃	E_0w/(J·m^-3)
1000	1.92	-0.09	0.23	2.65×10⁵

表4 空气材料参数

Table 4 Air material parameters

c₀	c₁	c₂	c₃	c₄	c₅	c₆	E_0a/(J·m^-3)
0	0	0	0	0.4	0.4	0	2.5×10⁵

图5 ①、②、③数据点位置示意图

Fig.5 The positions of three selected data points

图6 单元截面燃料的速度-时间曲线

Fig.6 Dispersal speed-time curves of fuels on 3 unit cross sections

表5 截面上燃料的最大速度仿真-实验结果比对

Table 5 Comparison of simulated and experimental maximum resultant dispersal speed of fuel m/s

结果及偏差	①号点	②号点	③号点
何超等^[9]的实验结果	493	400	314
本文数值模拟结果	486.36	470.82	373.08
偏差百分比/%	1.3	14.9	15.8

表6 燃料的径向最大速度仿真-理论比对

Table 6 Comparison of simulated and theoretical maximum radial speed of fuel

结果及偏差	①号点	②号点	③号点
理论计算速度/(m·s^-1)	387.24	307.47	255.38
本文仿真速度/(m·s^-1)	332.46	321.15	231.60
偏差百分比/%	14.2	4.6	9.4

图7 3ms时燃料云团的抛撒形状

Fig.7 Dispersal shape of fuel cloud cluster at 3ms

图8 0.5ms时壳体的应力云图

Fig.8 Stress nephogram of shell at 0.5ms

图9 单点起爆情况下3个截面燃料的径向速度-时间曲线

Fig.9 Speed-time curves of three selected points during single point initiation at different positions

图10 多点起爆情况起爆点位置分布示意图

Fig.10 Position distribution of initiation points inmulti-point initiation

图11 多点起爆情况下3个截面燃料的径向速度-时间曲线

Fig.11 Speed-time curves of three selected points in multi-point initiation

图12 多点起爆近似的线起爆情况下3个位点的径向速度-时间曲线

Fig.12 Speed-time curves of three selected points in approximate line initiation

参考文献 21

[1]	王世英, 计东奎. 二次起爆云爆战斗部的发展趋势[C]//OSEC首届兵器工程大会论文集. 重庆: 中国兵工学会,重庆市科学技术协会, 2017.
	WANG S Y, JI D K. The development trend of the secondary detonation type of fuel air explosive[C]//Proceedings of Ordnance Science and Engineering Conference. Chongqing: China Ordnance Society, Chongqing Association for Science and Technology, 2017. (in Chinese)
[2]	ZHANG X N, HUANG Q, BAI X Y, et al. Establishment and analysis of damage calculation model under fuel air explosion effect[J]. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020, 446(2):022020 (4pp).
[3]	王世英, 王仲琦, 计东奎. 云爆战斗部动态条件下云爆剂抛撒云团形态研究[J]. 弹箭与制导学报, 2018, 38(4):1-5.
	WANG S Y, WANG Z Q, JI D K. Research on cloud shape of fuel air explosive warhead under dynamic dispersion[J]. Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missiles and Guidance, 2018, 38(4):1-5. (in Chinese)
[4]	陈嘉琛, 张奇, 马秋菊, 等. 固体与液体混合燃料抛撒过程数值模拟[J]. 兵工学报, 2014, 35(7):972-976. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2014.07.005
	CHEN J C, ZHANG Q, MA Q J, et al. Numerical simulation of dispersal process of solid-liquid mixed fuel[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2014, 35(7):972-976. (in Chinese)
[5]	薛田, 徐更光, 黄求安, 等. 爆炸抛撒过程的研究进展[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2015, 15(21):60-67.
	XUE T, XU G G, HUANG Q A, et al. Review on explosive dispersion[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2015, 15(21):60-67. (in Chinese)
[6]	BORISOV A A, MAIKOV A E, MEL’NICHUK O I. Experimental determination of the minimum energy of direct detonation initiation in fuel-air mixtures[J]. Chemical Physics Reports, 1997, 16(10):1823-1829.
[7]	GARDNER D R. Near-field dispersal modeling for liquid fuel-air explosives[R]. US: Sandia National Lab, SAND-90-0686,1990.
[8]	许志峰, 尹俊婷, 何超, 等. 壳体形状对云爆战斗部抛撒云团尺寸的影响[J]. 中北大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 39(6):672-676,701.
	XU Z F, YIN J T, HE C, et al. Effect of shell shape on dispersal cloud size of the FAE[J]. Journal of North University of China(Nature Science Edition), 2018, 39(6):672-676,701. (in Chinese)
[9]	何超, 栗保华, 施长军, 等. 圆台形FAE装置抛撒初期燃料运动特性研究[J]. 爆破器材, 2021, 50(4):30-34,39.
	HE C, LI B H, SHI C J, et al. Fuel movement characteristics of cone-shaped FAE device at the initial stage of spreading[J]. Explosive Materials, 2021, 50(4):30-34,39. (in Chinese)
[10]	何超, 杜海文, 施长军, 等. 抛撒结构对FAE燃料抛撒影响的试验研究[J]. 火工品, 2021(5):10-13.
	HE C, DU H W, SHI C J, et al. Test study on the influence of dispersal structure on FAE fuel dispersal[J]. Initiators & Pyrotechnics, 2021(5):10-13. (in Chinese)
[11]	贾承志, 张奇. 云爆燃料分散过程窜火机理的数值模拟[J]. 含能材料, 2020, 28(3):248-254.
	JIA C Z, ZHANG Q. Numerical simulation on the mechanism of premature-combustion in the process of FAE fuel dispersion[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2020, 28(3):248-254. (in Chinese)
[12]	赵志国, 李建, 赵海平, 等. 某二次起爆型云爆战斗部防窜火技术研究[J]. 弹箭与制导学报, 2021, 41(5):123-128.
	ZHAO Z G, LI J, ZHAO H P, et al. The study of the technology of premature combustion from a twice-detonating FAE warhead[J]. Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missiles and Guidance, 2021, 41(5):123-128. (in Chinese)
[13]	CHEN X, WANG Z Q, LIU Y. A whole explosive dispersion process prediction model for fuel clouds[J]. Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics, 2020, 45(6):950-965.
[14]	YE C L, ZHANG Q. Systematic analysis on gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow and initiation structure for fuel-air explosive weapon reliability[J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2021, 47(3):1-15.
[15]	孙君, 张晓冬, 付胜华, 等. 动态云爆燃料抛撒浓度分布评估计算方法[J]. 探测与控制学报, 2022, 44(4):23-27.
	SUN J, ZHANG X D, FU S H, et al. The dynamic calculation method of cloud explosion fuel concentration distribution[J]. Journal of Detection & Control, 2022, 44(4):23-27. (in Chinese)
[16]	高洪泉, 卢芳云, 王少龙, 等. 云爆弹结构对爆炸威力影响规律的试验研究[J]. 弹道学报, 2010, 22(4):58-61.
	GAO H Q, LU F Y, WANG S L, et al. Experimental study about influence of SEFAE device structure on SEFAE damage-power[J]. Journal of Ballistics, 2010, 22(4):58-61. (in Chinese)
[17]	高洪泉, 卢芳云, 罗永锋, 等. 云爆弹外壳体厚度对威力的影响规律研究[J]. 高压物理学报, 2011, 25(1):68-72.
	GAO H Q, LU F Y, LUO Y F, et al. Study on the influence of the outer shell thickness on the SEFAE damage-power[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2011, 25(1):68-72. (in Chinese)
[18]	高洪泉, 卢芳云, 王少龙, 等. 抛撒药壳体对一次起爆型云爆弹威力的影响规律[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2011, 31(4):380-384.
	GAO H Q, LU F Y, WANG S L, et al. Influences of inner shells outside disperse explosive on SEFAE damage power[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2011, 31(4):380-384. (in Chinese)
[19]	张广华, 沈飞, 刘睿, 等. 起爆方式对非圆截面装药结构释能特性的影响[J]. 高压物理学报, 2022, 36(3):129-137.
	ZHANG G H, SHEN F, LIU R, et al. Influence of detonation modes on energy release characteristics of a charge with a non-circular cross-sectional structure[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2022, 36(3):129-137. (in Chinese)
[20]	张奇, 白春华, 刘庆明, 等. 壳体对燃料近区抛散速度的影响[J]. 应用力学学报, 2000, 17(3):102-106,148.
	ZHANG Q, BAI C H, LIU Q M, et al. Influence of shell casting on fuel near-field dispersal velocity[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2000, 17(3):102-106,148. (in Chinese)
[21]	王晔, 白春华, 李建平. 动态云雾形成及爆轰场特性[J]. 含能材料, 2017, 25(6):466-471.
	WANG Y, BAI C H, LI J P. Dynamic cloud formation and detonation field characteristics[J]. Journal of Energetic Materials, 2017, 25(6):466-471. (in Chinese)