爆炸成型弹丸药型罩用高密度合金选取准则

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0826

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决高密度合金在爆炸成型弹丸（EFP）应用中的破碎失效问题，以典型钨镍系合金为研究对象，对不同钨含量的平板飞片试样开展了爆炸加载试验。基于对受试材料成形性能及失效机理的分析结果，结合传统药型罩材料的共同特性，提出了EFP高密度合金罩材的选取准则，应用该准则进行了罩材选取，并通过爆炸加载成型及侵彻试验进行了验证。研究结果表明：钨镍合金难以形成完整侵彻体的原因在于，钨颗粒作为第二相粒子分布于基体中，使得大变形状态下在相界处因位错塞积而产生的应力集中无法避免，从而导致微裂纹形成并扩展以致材料发生断裂；高密度合金作为EFP药型罩材料，应具备完全固溶体的单相组织，若溶剂金属为非面心立方结构，则须具备低于服役环境温度的韧脆转变温度；依据上述准则选取的单相固溶体合金，其平板飞片与等壁厚球缺罩均能够形成完整侵彻体，试验结果与预期结果相符合。研究结果可以为EFP药型罩用高密度合金的设计、选取和应用提供参考依据。

关键词: 毁伤与弹药工程, 爆炸成型弹丸, 药型罩材料, 高密度合金, 选取准则

Abstract: To solve the problem of fragmentation failure of high-density alloys in explosively formed projectiles (EFPs), explosive loading tests are conducted on flyer plates of tungsten-nickel alloy with different tungsten contents. Based on the analysis of forming performance and failure mechanism of the tested materials, as well as common characteristics of traditional liner materials, the selection criteria for high-density alloy material for EFP liner are proposed. The criteria are verified by explosive loading forming and penetration tests. According to the results, the reason why tungsten-nickel alloy can hardly form a complete projectile is that, in the matrix, tungsten particles in the second phase can lead to dislocation accumulation at the phase boundary under large deformation state. This will cause inevitable stress concentration and result in material fracture through nucleation and microcrack growth. Thus, high-density alloy selected for manufacturing EFP liners should possess a single-phase structure of complete solid solution. And the solvent metal must have a ductile-brittle transition temperature lower than the temperature of the service environment if it has a non-face-centered cubic structure. Both the flyer plate and the liner made of the single-phase solid solution alloy selected in accordance with the above criterion can form complete penetrators. The experimental results are consistent with the expected results. Our research results can be used as the reference for the design, selection, and application of high-density alloys for EFP liners.

Key words: mutilationandammunitionengineering, explosivelyformedprojectile, linermaterial, high-densityalloy, selectioncriterion

中图分类号:

TJ410

付恒, 蒋建伟, 王树有, 门建兵, 李梅. 爆炸成型弹丸药型罩用高密度合金选取准则[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(9): 2330-2338.

FU Heng, JIANG Jianwei, WANG Shuyou, MEN Jianbing, LI Mei. High-density Alloy Selection Criteria for Liners of Explosively Formed Projectiles[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(9): 2330-2338.

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