上下非对称结构弹体侵彻金属薄板的特性及薄板破坏形式

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0724

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为支撑超高声速导弹终点毁伤理论设计,适应异型弹体穿甲力学基础理论发展需求,非对称异型弹体贯穿金属薄板的穿甲特性及靶板损伤机理是当前亟需解决的关键科学问题。开展上下非对称结构异型弹体正/斜贯穿多层间隔921A薄钢板实验,基于Abaqus/Explicit、VUMAT和Python子程序开展数值模拟研究,分析弹体速度变化及偏转特性,结合靶板破坏形貌和能量耗散分析靶板损伤机理,讨论了研究结果在实际工程应用中的适用性。研究结果表明:上下非对称结构异型弹体具有维持弹体姿态稳定的特点,初速低于600m/s时速度降和弹道极限随倾角的增加而增大,靶板破坏模式以剪切冲塞、瓣裂和整体横向变形主导,初速高于600m/s时同初始倾角的弹道极限曲线重合,无量纲速度降随初速增加而降低,靶板破坏模式向延性扩孔、瓣裂和破碎转变;靶板塑性变形时切向塑性功占比最大、环向塑性功最小、轴向和径向塑性功相近,高速侵彻过程中靶板碎片动能为塑性功的25%~50%;基于几何相似的缩比模型可反映原型弹体高速穿甲时的速度变化情况及靶板的毁伤特性;研究成果可为异型弹体高速穿甲的弹靶响应及阻力特性的理论建模提供物理认识及数据支撑。

关键词: 上下非对称结构异型弹体, 金属薄靶, 剩余速度, 破坏模式

Abstract:

In order to support the theoretical design of terminal damage of hypersonic missile and the basic theory of armor-piercing mechanics of special-shaped projectile, the penetration ability of asymmetrically shaped projectile penetrating metal target and the damage mechanism of target plate need to be solved. The velocity variation and deflection characteristics of the projectile are analyzed through the experiment of asymmetrically shaped projectile penetrating the multi-layer spaced 921A steel plate and the numerical simulation based on Abaqus/Explicit, VUMAT and Python subroutines. The damage mechanism of target plate is analyzed from damage morphology and energy dissipation, and the applicability of the research results in practical engineering application is discussed. The results show that the asymmetric structure has the ability to maintain the stability of projectile attitude. When the initial velocity is lower than 600 m/s, the velocity drop and the ballistic limit increase with the increase of the oblique angle, and the failure modes of the target plate are shear plugging, pealing and transverse deformation. When the initial velocity is higher than 600 m/s, the ballistic limit curves of different oblique angles overlap, the dimensionless velocity drop decreases with the increase of the initial velocity, and the failure mode of target plate changes to ductile enlargement, pealing and fragmentation. During the penetration progress, the tangential component of plastic work done has the largest proportion, the circumferential component is the smallest, and the axial and radial plastic works are similar. During the high-speed penetration, the kinetic energy of plate fragments is 25%-50% of the plastic work done. The scaled model based on geometric similarity can reflect the speed change of the prototype projectile during the high-speed penetration and the damage characteristics of trget plate.

Key words: asymmetrically shaped projectile, thin plate, residual velocity, failure mode

中图分类号:

O385

邓希旻, 田泽, 武海军, 王浩, 黄风雷. 上下非对称结构弹体侵彻金属薄板的特性及薄板破坏形式[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(12): 3836-3850.

DENG Ximin, TIAN Ze, WU Haijun, WANG Hao, HUANG Fenglei. Penetration Characteristics and Plate Failure Modes of Asymmetrically Shaped Projectiles Penetrating Thin Metal Targets[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(12): 3836-3850.

图/表 30

图1 弹体结构示意图

Fig.1 The geometry of the projectile

图2 弹体及弹托示意图

Fig.2 Test projectile and sabot

图3 靶架示意图

Fig.3 Photos of targets

图4 弹体斜贯穿示意图

Fig.4 Oblique penetration of projectile

图5 弹体穿靶后结构完整性示意图

Fig.5 Structural integrity of projectile after penetraring into a target

表1 实验结果

Table 1 Statistics of experimental results

序号	工况编号	类型	着靶速度/(m·s^-1)	倾角/(°)	出靶速度/(m·s^-1)	速度降/(m·s^-1)	平均速度降/( m·s^-1)
1	N1	三层正穿甲	1042.07	-2.32	955.87	86.20	28.73
2	O1	两层斜穿甲	1038.67	30.20	967.56	71.11	35.56
3	O2		800.96	28.31	718.35	82.61	41.31

图6 底推运动轨迹

Fig.6 Sabot trajectory

图7 典型工况中的靶板破坏形貌示意图

Fig.7 Failure appearance of target

图8 靶板网格模型示意图

Fig.8 Grid model of target plate

表2 921A钢仿真参数

Table 2 Material parameters of 921A

参数	数值	参数	数值
A/MPa	842	m	0.986
B/MPa	528	χ	0.9
n	0.587	ρ/(g·cm^-3)	7.85
C	0.024	c_p/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	452
E/GPa	201	D₁	0.268
v	0.33	D₂	1.621
$ε · 0$ /s^-1	0.001	D₃	-0.609
T₀/K	298	D₄	0.198
T_m/K	1765	ε_f,t	1.516

表2 921A钢仿真参数

Table 2 Material parameters of 921A

参数	数值	参数	数值
A/MPa	842	m	0.986
B/MPa	528	χ	0.9
n	0.587	ρ/(g·cm^-3)	7.85
C	0.024	c_p/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	452
E/GPa	201	D₁	0.268
v	0.33	D₂	1.621
$ε · 0$ /s^-1	0.001	D₃	-0.609
T₀/K	298	D₄	0.198
T_m/K	1765	ε_f,t	1.516

图9 VUMAT计算流程

Fig.9 VUMAT calculation process

图10 实验[12](左)与仿真(右)弹孔形貌对比

Fig.10 Comparison of experimental[12] (left) and simulated(right) bullet holes

表3 实验与仿真结果对比

Table 3 Comparison of experimental and simulated results

序号	工况编号	弹体类型	工况类别	初速/ (m·s^-1)	剩余速度/(m·s^-1)		相对误差/%
序号	工况编号	弹体类型	工况类别	初速/ (m·s^-1)	实验值	仿真值	相对误差/%
1	N1	上下非对称	三层正穿甲	1042.07	955.87	952.14	-0.39
2	O1		两层斜穿甲	1038.67	967.56	978.07	1.09
3	O2			800.96	718.35	733.72	2.14
4		圆截面		293.24	261.23	267.90	2.55
5		椭圆变截面	两层正穿甲^[12]	260.03	239.16	225.17	-5.85
6				542.86	529.81	516.47	-2.52

图11 弹体贯穿多层靶速度变化

Fig.11 Velocity of projectile penetrating multilayer targets

图12 弹体倾角/攻角时程曲线(正贯穿)

Fig.12 Time-history curves of impact and yaw angles (normal penetrating)

图13 弹体倾角/攻角时程曲线(斜贯穿)

Fig.13 Time-history curve of impact and yaw angles (oblique penetrating)

图14 弹体贯穿10mm厚单层钢板的弹道极限曲线

Fig.14 Velocity of projectile penetrating a 10mm-thick steel plate

图15 初速与倾角改变量的关系

Fig.15 Relationship between velocity and impact angle

图16 正贯穿靶板破坏形貌示意图

Fig.16 The damage of target subjected to normal penetration

图17 弹体正侵入靶板各阶段示意图

Fig.17 Normal penetration process of projectile

图18 各工况靶板短轴剖面塑性变形

Fig.18 Plastic deformation of target in the minor axis section

图19 靶板变形与初速关系

Fig.19 The deformation of target at different initial velocities

图20 弹体30°斜贯穿靶板破坏形貌示意图

Fig.20 The damage of target subjected to oblique penetration

图21 弹体30°斜侵入靶板各阶段示意图

Fig.21 Olique penetration process of projectile

图22 靶板失效单元体积与初速的关系

Fig.22 Relationship between volume of failure element and initial velocity

表4 靶板局部响应类型

Table 4 Local response type of target

初速/ (m·s^-1)	倾角/(°)
初速/ (m·s^-1)	0	15	30	45
300	SP	SP	SP	SP
600	SP	SP	PD	PD
800	PD	PD	PD	PD
900	PD	PDF	PDF	PDF
1000	PDF	PDF	PDF	PDF
1100	PDF	PDF	PDF	PDF

图23 弹体贯穿10mm厚钢板塑性功分布

Fig.23 Plastic work done of projectile penetrating a 10mm-thick steel plate

图24 靶板碎片动能及塑性功分布

Fig.24 Kinetic energy and plastic work done of target fragments

图25 弹体剩余速度

Fig.25 Residual velocity of projectile

表5 60mm厚钢板弹孔形貌

Table 5 Morphology of shell hole on 60mm-thick plate

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