CONWEP与流固耦合爆炸加载差异性及砌体墙动力响应特征

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0285

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究砌体墙在大当量爆炸加载下的动力响应行为,根据TNT当量为500kg,爆心距为13m的现场试验,利用内聚力单元方法(Cohesive Zone Method,CZM)建立有窗和无窗双面砌体墙全尺寸数值模型,分别采用常规武器爆炸参数计算程序(Conventional Weapons Effects Program,CONWEP)和有限元仿真软件中的流固耦合(Coupled-Eulerian-Lagrangian,CEL)方法施加爆炸荷载进行数值计算。研究结果表明,与试验在地表测得的扫掠超压数据相比,CONWEP和CEL方法的入射超压峰值与试验结果基本相符:CEL方法入射冲量与试验接近,但其抵达时间较试验早7.1%,上升沿时间为试验的4倍;CONWEP方法超压衰减较慢,正压持续时间和冲量分别比试验大50.7%和42.56%,而抵达时间和上升沿时间与试验一致。分析认为,CEL加载冲击波抵达时间和上升沿持续时间受比例距离和网格尺寸影响,比例距离和网格尺寸越大,冲击波抵达时间越晚,上升沿时间越长。此外,冲击波流场的时空分布差异性体现在:CONWEP方法加载的波阵面为理想半球形,CEL方法加载的波阵面为扁球状;对于施加于墙面的反射超压峰值,CONWEP方法加载各区域的峰值更大且各向衰减率一致,而CEL方法加载在y轴(竖直)方向的衰减率大于z轴(水平)方向;在墙体渐进破坏规律研究中,CEL方法加载能够较为准确地模拟墙体的局部破坏特征。并且,CEL方法加载下墙体最终破坏形态与试验结果更接近,CONWEP方法则破坏程度更大。

关键词: CONWEP方法, 流固耦合, 砌体墙, 动力响应特征

Abstract:

The dynamic response behavior of masonry walls under large equivalent blast loading is investigated using a full-scale numerical model of windowed and windowless double-sided masonry walls, which is etablished by a cohesive zone method (CZM). A field experiment with a TNT equivalent of 500kg and blast distance of 13m is used as the basis for the study. The numerical simulations are carried out using two blast load application methods, conventional weapons effects program (CONWEP) and coupled-Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL). The results indicate that the peak incident overpressures calculated by CONWEP and CEL methods are consistent with the experimental result compared to the swept overpressure data measured at the ground surface. However, the arrival time calculated by CEL method is 7.1% earlier than the test, and the rise time is four times that of the test. On the other hand, the overpressure decay calculated by CONWEP method is slower, and the positive pressure time and impulse volume are 50.7% and 42.56% of the test, respectively. It can be seen by comparing the load curve differences of the two blast loading methods that the rise time of overpressure-time curve calculated by CONWEP method is always constant, but the arrival time and rise time of shock wave calculated by CEL method are affected by the distance from explosive source and mesh size, and the larger the distance from explosive source and mesh size are, the longer the rise time is. The differences in the spatial and temporal distributions of shock wave flow field are reflected in the ideal hemispherical shape of wavefront calculated by CONWEP method and the oblate spherical shape of wavefront loaded by CEL method. For the reflected overpressure peak applied to the wall, the peak of CONWEP method loading is larger in each region and the decay rate is the same in all directions, while the decay rate loaded by CEL method in the y (vertical) direction is greater than that in the z (horizontal) direction. In the study of progressive damage law of wall, CEL loading can simulate the local damage characteristics of the wall more accurately. Moreover, the final damage pattern of the wall under CEL loading is closer to that of the test, while CONWEP method has a greater degree of damage.

Key words: CONWEP method, fluid-structure interaction, masonry wall, dynamic response characteristics

中图分类号:

O383⁺.2

尚雨露, 徐轩, 张帝, 杨军. CONWEP与流固耦合爆炸加载差异性及砌体墙动力响应特征[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(12): 3897-3908.

SHANG Yulu, XU Xuan, ZHANG Di, YANG Jun. The Loading Discrepancies in CONWEP and Fluid-structure Interaction Methods and the Dynamic Response Characteristics of Masonry Wall[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(12): 3897-3908.

图/表 20

图1 砌体墙几何尺寸

Fig.1 Geometric dimensions of masonry wall

图2 CZM在砌体墙中的应用示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of CZM in masonry wall

图3 砌体墙数值模型

Fig.3 Numerical model of masonry wall

图4 钢筋分布

Fig.4 Rebar distribution

表1 钢筋材料模型参数

Table 1 Material parameters of rebar

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(kg·m^-3)	7766	E/GPa	200.5
μ	0.241	A/MPa	456
B/(MPa)	350.16	n	0.418
m	0.757	C	0.0366
$ε · 0$	0.001

表1 钢筋材料模型参数

Table 1 Material parameters of rebar

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(kg·m^-3)	7766	E/GPa	200.5
μ	0.241	A/MPa	456
B/(MPa)	350.16	n	0.418
m	0.757	C	0.0366
$ε · 0$	0.001

表2 砂浆界面参数

Table 2 Interface parameters of mortar

砂浆界面	E_n/MPa	E_s/MPa	$t n 0$ /MPa
水平砂浆	15	5.8	1
竖直砂浆	15	5.8	0.5
混凝土界面	15	5.8	4
砂浆界面	$t s 0$ /MPa	G_IC/(J·m^-2)	G_ⅡC/(J·m^-2)
水平砂浆	2.75	0.0079	0.34
竖直砂浆	1.375	0.04	0.17
混凝土界面	11	0.79	34

表2 砂浆界面参数

Table 2 Interface parameters of mortar

砂浆界面	E_n/MPa	E_s/MPa	$t n 0$ /MPa
水平砂浆	15	5.8	1
竖直砂浆	15	5.8	0.5
混凝土界面	15	5.8	4
砂浆界面	$t s 0$ /MPa	G_IC/(J·m^-2)	G_ⅡC/(J·m^-2)
水平砂浆	2.75	0.0079	0.34
竖直砂浆	1.375	0.04	0.17
混凝土界面	11	0.79	34

表3 聚脲粘结层参数[21]

Table 3 Interface parameters of PU[21]

参数	数值	参数	数值
E_n/MPa	0.5	$t s 0$ /MPa	70
E_s/MPa	0.5	G/(J·m^-2)	1400
$t n 0$ /MPa	70

表3 聚脲粘结层参数[21]

Table 3 Interface parameters of PU[21]

参数	数值	参数	数值
E_n/MPa	0.5	$t s 0$ /MPa	70
E_s/MPa	0.5	G/(J·m^-2)	1400
$t n 0$ /MPa	70

图5 CONWEP方法加载原理

Fig.5 Loading schematic of CONWEP method

图6 CEL方法有限元模型

Fig.6 Finite element model of CEL method

表4 炸药材料模型参数[25]

Table 4 Material parameters of explosive[25]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(kg·m^-3)	1630	R₁	4.15
D/(m·s^-1)	6930	R₂	0.9
A/MPa	374000	ω	0.35
B/MPa	3750	e/(J·m^-3)	4178000

表5 空气材料模型参数[26]

Table 5 Material parameters of air[26]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(kg·m^-3)	1.29	R	289
p/Pa	101300	q/(J·kg^-1«K^-1)	1000
μ/(Pa·s)	1.79×10^-5

图7 CEL、CONWEP方法加载和试验中测得的13m处超压时程曲线

Fig.7 Overpressure-time curves measured in experiment and calculated by CEL and CONWEP methods

表6 试验、CEL方法加载和CONWEP方法加载的超压曲线参数

Table 6 Parameters of the overpressure-time curves measured in experiment and calculated by CEL and CONWEP methods

研究方法	超压类别	抵达时间/ms	差值/%	上升沿时间/ms	差值/%	峰值/ MPa	差值/%	正压持续时间/ms	差值/%	冲量/ (kPa·ms)	差值/%
试验	入射超压	8.4		0.2		0.48		7.3		907.028
CONWEP	入射超压	8.4	0	0.2	0	0.45	-6.3	11	50.7	1292.99	42.56
	反射超压	8.4		0.2		1.94		10.2		3698.45
CEL	入射超压	7.8	-7.1	0.8	400	0.46	-4.2	9.5	30.1	1143.56	26.1
	反射超压	7.8		1.2		1.90		9.4		4540.28

图8 CEL、CONWEP方法加载模拟和试验中墙体的破坏形态

Fig.8 Damage patterns of masonry wall in experiment and simulations of CEL and CONWEP methods

图9 CEL方法网格敏感性分析

Fig.9 Mesh dependence analysis of CEL method

图10 CEL、CONWEP方法加载和试验中500kg TNT冲击波流场分布[6]

Fig.10 Distribution of the 500kg TNT shock wave flow field in experiment and simulations of CEL and CONWEP methods[6]

图11 CEL和CONWEP方法加载冲击波流场Oxz面投影

Fig.11 Projection of shock wave flow fields in the Oxz plane calculated by the CEL and CONWEP methods

图12 迎爆墙面荷载区域划分和各区域反射超压峰值分布云图

Fig.12 Loading area division of the surface of masonry wall facing explosion and the distribution of the reflected overpressure peaks

图13 迎爆墙面反射超压峰值比值统计和分布图

Fig.13 Statistics and distribution of the reflected overpressure peaks ratio on the surface of masonry wall facing explosion

图14 砌体墙动力响应过程的位移云图

Fig.14 Displacement contours of the masonry wall in the response process

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