爆炸成型弹丸侵彻不同材料靶板后效破片特性试验研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0696

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究靶板材料性能对爆炸成型弹丸(Explosively Formed Projectile,EFP)侵彻靶后破片特性的影响,开展EFP侵彻不同材料靶板(Q235钢、45号钢、装甲钢、2A12铝)后效破片特性试验,采用X光摄影方法观测靶后破片云形态及膨胀尺寸,通过布置多层纤维板获得破片散布特性,并对靶后破片进行回收。研究结果表明:在靶板密度一定的情况下,靶板强度主要影响破片云轴向膨胀能力,对径向膨胀能力影响很小;靶后破片环形毁伤区的飞散角位于20°~25°范围内差别不大,但是靶板背面出口崩落会造成靶后破片飞散角出现极大值,随着钢靶强度的增大,靶后破片径向散布增强,破片总数减小,但是大质量段钢破片数量增多;不同强度钢靶产生的钢破片平均尺寸满足Kipp等提出的基于材料流动应力的碎片尺寸模型。

关键词: 爆炸成型弹丸, 靶后破片, 径向散布, 质量分布, 破片尺寸

Abstract:

In order to study the effect of target material properties on the characteristics of behind-armor debris (BAD) generated by explosively formed projectile(EFP) penetration, the experimental research on the characteristics of BAD from EFP penetrating into the targets made of different materials, including Q235 steel, 45^# steel, armor steel and 2A12 aluminum, was carried out. The morphology and expansion size of BAD cloud was observed by X-ray photography, and the fragment dispersion characteristics was obtained by arranging multi-layered witness fiber plates, meanwhile the BAD were recovered. The results show that, when the target material density is constant, the strength of the target mainly affects the axial expansion capacity of the debris cloud, but has little effect on the radial expansion capacity. The dispersion angle of annular damage region of BAD is in the range of 20°-25°, but the back surface of the target is spalled to cause a maximum value of dispersion angle. With the increase of the strength of steel target, the radial dispersion of BAD increases, the total number of fragments decreases, while the number of steel fragments in the large mass segment increases. The average size of steel fragments produced by steel targets with different yield strengths satisfies the fragment size model based on material flow stress proposed in Ref.[19].

Key words: explosively formed projectile, behind-armor debris, radial dispersion, mass distribution, fragment size

中图分类号:

TJ410.3⁺33

黄炫宁, 李伟兵, 李文彬, 尹贵祥, 郭腾飞. 爆炸成型弹丸侵彻不同材料靶板后效破片特性试验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(1): 58-68.

HUANG Xuanning, LI Weibing, LI Wenbin, YIN Guixiang, GUO Tengfei. Experimental Research on the Characteristics of Behind-armor Debris from Explosively Formed Projectile Penetrating Targets of Different Materials[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(1): 58-68.

图/表 18

图1 EFP战斗部

Fig.1 EFP warhead

图2 试验布置

Fig.2 Experimental setup

图3 靶板破坏照片(左为靶板正面,右为靶板背面)

Fig.3 Photographs of damaged target (left: the front side of target; right: the backside of target)

图4 靶板孔径

Fig.4 Perforation diameters of targets

图5 靶后破片图像

Fig.5 Photographs of BAD

图6 破片云尺寸

Fig.6 Debris cloud size

图7 验证板毁伤图像

Fig.7 Photographs of damaged witness plates

图8 靶后破片飞散角

Fig.8 Dispersion angles of BAD

图9 回收的靶板破片和弹丸破片

Fig.9 Recovered targets and EFP fragments

图10 回收的冲塞块与钢-铜粘结体

Fig.10 Recovered plug block and steel-copper bond fragment

图11 靶后破片质量分布

Fig.11 Mass distribution of BAD

表1 靶后破片质量分布拟合参数

Table 1 Fitting parameters of fragment mass distribution

靶板材料	靶板破片			EFP破片
靶板材料	c	λ	R²	c	λ	R²
Q235钢	1.56	1.00	0.984	1.02	0.93	0.977
RHA	5.42	1.28	0.977	1.38	1.04	0.987
45号钢	1.44	0.80	0.984	0.78	0.89	0.981
2A12铝	0.19	1.08	0.918	0.27	0.72	0.896

图12 破片累计数量分布

Fig.12 Distribution of cumulative number of fragments

表2 破片累计数量分布拟合结果

Table 2 Fitting results of cumulative number distribution of fragments

钢靶材料	A₁	t₁	y₀	R²
Q235钢	-16.87	-0.51	1.86	0.985
45号钢	-6.55	-0.73	1.85	0.982
RHA	-9.84	-0.52	1.63	0.995

图13 靶板鼓包变形示意图

Fig.13 Schematic diagram of target bulging deformation

图14 不同应变率下靶后破片平均尺寸

Fig.14 Average size of steel fragments under different strain rates

图15 不同钢靶产生的破片特征尺寸的试验与模型计算值

Fig.15 Experimental and model calculation values of the characteristic size of fragments produced by different steel targets

表3 钢破片特征尺寸的模型与试验结果对比

Table 3 Comparison between model and experimental results of characteristic sizes of steel fragments

靶板材料	试验值/mm	模型计算值/mm	相对误差/%
Q235钢	5.87	5.65	3.68
45号钢	6.10	6.29	3.03
RHA	8.68	8.45	2.60

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