拉伸载荷下双销式履带板强度计算方法

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0771

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

拉伸载荷是装甲车辆履带承受的主要载荷之一，是强度计算的重要工况，但是履带连接部件处的拉伸载荷分配尚不明确。为探究双销式履带板受拉伸时诱导齿与端联器上的载荷分配比例，针对某型装甲车辆履带板开展了单、双板履带板拉伸试验与仿真，研究不同块数履带板受拉伸载荷时载荷分配与应力结果的差异，并利用有限元法迭代计算确定履带受拉伸时稳定的载荷分配结果，提出一种快速计算履带板稳定载荷分配的两步计算方法。结果表明履带板拉伸载荷分配会随着履带板数目的增加发生变化，当履带板数目足够多时，端联器与诱导齿载荷分配趋向于1:2:1的分配比例。拉伸试验中履带数目的变化对履带板上最大应力以及履带销轴挠度均有一定影响，履带拉伸强度试验中应该加以考虑。

关键词: 履带车辆, 拉伸载荷, 载荷分配, 有限元, 试验

Abstract:

Tensile load is one of the main loads on the track of armored vehicles and also an important working condition for strength calculation, but the distribution of tensile load at the connecting parts of the track is not clear. To figure out the load distribution ratio of double-pin track shoes under tensile load, single and double-shoe track tensile experiments and simulations of a certain type of armored vehicle track shoes were carried out, the difference in load distribution and stress when different numbers of track shoes were subjected to tensile load were discussed. The iterative calculation of the finite element method was used to figure out the results of stable load distribution when the track was stretched, and a two-step method to quickly calculate the stable load distribution of the track shoes was proposed. The results showed that: the tensile load distribution of the track shoes changes with the increase of the number of the track shoes; when the number of the track shoes is large enough, the load distribution of the end coupling and the guide tooth tends to have the distribution ratio of 1:2:1; the change of the number of tracks in the tensile test has some influence on the maximum stress on the track shoe and the deflection of the track pin, which should be considered in the tensile strength test of the track.

Key words: track vehicle, tensile load, load distribution, finite element method, test

曾子豪, 张京东, 龚雪莲, 刘坤明, 桂学文, 廖日东. 拉伸载荷下双销式履带板强度计算方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(3): 831-840.

ZENG Zihao, ZHANG Jingdong, GONG Xuelian, LIU Kunming, GUI Xuewen, LIAO Ridong. Strength Calculation Method of Double-Pin Track Shoes Under Tensile Load[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(3): 831-840.

图/表 26

图 1 履带常见失效形式

Fig. 1 Common failure modes of track shoes

图 2 履带板受拉伸载荷示意图

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of track shoe under tensile load

图 3 单板双板履带拉伸试验图

Fig. 3 Tensile test diagram of single and double track shoes

图 4 单双板履带相同位置处履带拉力-应变曲线

Fig. 4 Track tension-strain curve at the same position of single and double tracks

表 1 单双板履带相同位置处履带应变对比

Table 1 Comparison of track strain of single and double tracks at the same position

拉力/kN	单板应变/10^-6	双板应变/10^-6
100	324	308
200	566	627
300	806	927
400	1048	1220

图5 单板双板拉伸有限元计算模型

Fig. 5 Finite element calculation model of single and double shoes

表 2 接触刚度与最大应力关系

Table 2 Relationship between contact stiffness and maximum stress

接触刚度系数	单板拉伸最大应力/MPa	双拉伸最大应力/MPa
0.1	273.63	286.57
1	281.48	294.98
10	281.49	294.98
100	281.49	294.98

图6 网格尺寸与最大应变关系

Fig. 6 Relationship between mesh size and maximum strain

图7 有限元仿真部件网格模型

Fig. 7 Finite Element Simulation Part Mesh Model

表 3 履带板部件材料参数

Table 3 Material parameters of track parts

部件	弹性模量 /GPa	屈服强度 /MPa	最大强度 /MPa
履带板	210	980	1 080
诱导齿	210	980	1 080
端联器	210	980	1 080
工装	210	980	1 080
销轴	200	875	930
橡胶衬套	8.5×10^-3

图 8 试验与仿真比对位置示意图

Fig. 8 Schematic diagram of comparison positions in test and simulation

表 4 试验测试与仿真结果对照

Table 4 Comparison of test and simulation results

测量位置	单板拉伸试验与仿真对比			误差/%
测量位置	试验应变值/10^-4	仿真应变值/10^-4		误差/%
1	4.30	4.53		5
2	3.27	3.15		4
3	11.60	11.30		3
4	9.68	9.32		6
测量位置	双板拉伸试验与仿真对比			误差/%
测量位置	试验应变值/10^-4		仿真应变值/10^-4	误差/%
1	11.60		10.80	8
2	7.79		8.00	4
3	6.01		5.42	11
4	9.45		9.32	2
5	6.69		6.44	4

图 9 工装与连接部件载荷分配

Fig. 9 Load distribution between tooling and connecting parts

图 10 单板拉伸应力云图

Fig. 10 Tensile stress nephogram of single shoe

图 11 双板拉伸应力云图

Fig. 11 Tensile stress nephogram of double shoes

图 12 多块履带板受拉伸载荷示意图

Fig. 12 Schematic diagram of multiple track shoes under tensile load

图 13 履带板计算迭代模型

Fig. 13 Iterative calculation model of track shoe

图 14 有限元迭代法流程图

Fig. 14 Flow chart of finite element iterative method

图 15 迭代过程中载荷分配变化曲线

Fig. 15 Load distribution variation curves during iteration

图 16 多块履带板受拉伸载荷示意图

Fig. 16 Schematic diagram of multiple track shoes under tensile load

图 17 试算方法有限元计算模型

Fig. 17 Finite element calculation model of trial calculation method

图 18 两步法位移与合反力关系

Fig. 18 Relationship between displacement and total reaction force

表 5 不同位移下诱导齿与端联器载荷分配比例

Table 5 Load distribution ratio under different displacements

位移/mm	诱导齿反力/kN	端联器反力/kN	载荷分配比例
1.0	13.5	12.8	1.057
1.4	19.0	18.0	1.057
1.8	24.5	23.2	1.057
2.2	30.0	28.3	1.057
2.4	35.5	33.5	1.057
2.8	38.0	36.0	1.057

图 19 多板拉伸应力云图

Fig. 19 Multi-shoe tensile stress nephogram

图 20 履带销轴挠度对比

Fig. 20 Comparison of track pin deflection

图 21 履带销轴受力分析

Fig.21 Force analysis of track pin shaft

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