Table of Content

01 March 2012, Volume 33 Issue 3

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Paper

Two-dimensional Two-phase Flow Numerical Simulation of Multi-point Laser Ignition

LI Hai-qing， ZHANG Xiao-bing， LI Xiao-wei， YUAN Ya-xiong

2012, 33(3):  257-260.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.001

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Laser ignition technology is a new launch technology. The numerical simulation is carried out to investigate the influence of multi-point laser ignition to the pressure wave and abnormal combustion of the propellants. A two-dimensional two-phase flow model of multi-point laser ignition in a short-barrel gun is established. Numerical simulation is conducted by MacCormack predictor-corrector scheme and the movable boundary conditions are obtained by movable control volume method. The numerical calculation results are consistent with those of the experiments. It has good value for laser ignition system design.

Research on Correlation Between Dewetting and Mechanical Property of HTPB Propellant

CHANG Wu-jun， JU Yu-tao， WANG Peng-bo

2012, 33(3):  261-266.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.002

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Dewetting has a great influence on the mechanical properties of composite propellant. The dewetting damage evolution at different tensile rates is researched using a constant speed tension and CCD optical microscope. A viscoelastic constitutive model was established. A microscopic reason is analyzed to interpret the development of micromechanical properties based on the micromechanics and interface mechanics theory. The results show that the dewetting between particles and matrix is an important factor on the macroscopic nonlinear stress-strain curves, and leads to the decline of Poisson's ratio. The damage of interfacial dewetting is determined by strain, and has a certain correlation with strain rate. Poisson's Ratio is also a powerful parameter to quantify the dewetting.

Applied Research on Infrared Camouflage Based on Heat Pipe Temperature Control Technology

YANG Hui，XIE Wei，ZHANG Shuan-qin，PAN Jia-liang

2012, 33(3):  267-270.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.003

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A high efficient heat radiating structure with heat pipe is designed for an infrared camouflage of high temperature target. The temperature of engine exhaust pipe in a mobile equipment is decreased to achieve the infrared camouflage. The heat transfer of heat pipe is theoretically caculated at first, an inhibition model of high-temperature exhaust pipe is established based on the temperature control of heat pipe, and the experiment equipment is developed. The result shows that the heat inhibition effectiveness of temperature control construction of heat pipe can be up to 62.9%, and the effect of infrared camouflage is apparent.

A Forward Looking Infrared Target Recognition Algorithm Based on Edge Matching

SU Juan， XU Qing-song， LIU Gang

2012, 33(3):  271-277.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.004

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Forward looking infrared（FLIR）target recognition is an important factor that influences the hitting accuracy of precision guided weapons. A forward looking infrared target recognition algorithm based on edge matching is proposed for the decrease in mask matching performance due to the dissimilarity between base image and real-time image. For each candidate target chosen by mask matching, the neighborhood information is used to eliminate the false alarms, the matching confidence is computed by using a matching cost matrix, and the recognition results of continuous foregoing frames are utilized to provide information for current frame recognition, thereby improving the accuracy and robustness of target recognition. The experimental results of two FLIR videos of different target types show that the proposed algorithm has an excellent performance.

Study on Side Pumped Nd∶YAG Ceramic Laser Passively Q-switched

WU Hao， LI Hong-zuo， WANG Yi-fan， LIU Rui， FAN Ying-jie， CHEN Xin-yu

2012, 33(3):  278-282.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.005

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The continuous wave and passively Q-switched output performance of 808 nm laser diode array side pumped Nd∶YAG ceramic and Nd∶YAG single crystal are studied. In the condition of 145 W pump power and 20% output coupler transmission of a plano-plano resonator, the Nd∶YAG ceramic obtains a continuous wave output power of 44.28 W at 1 064 nm, the optical-to-optical conversion efficiency is 30.5%, the slope efficiency is 38.2%. In the same experimental condition, using Cr⁴⁺∶YAG as the passive Q-switcher, the 10.03 kHz quasi-continuous laser is obtained when the original transmission ratio is 87.89%, the average power is 4.62 W and the peak power is 5.54 kW. Compared to the same size and doping concentration of Nd∶YAG single crystal in the same experimental condition, the result shows that Nd∶YAG ceramic laser has a widely application in high power.

Variable Splitting Iterative Fast Algorithm for Remote Sensing Image Recovery

SONG Yi-gang， XIAO Liang， WEI Zhi-hui， HUANG Li-li

2012, 33(3):  283-289.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.006

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In order to realize the fast deblurring for optical remote sensing images，the disadvantages of the original total variation regularization(TV) based algorithm are studied．A surrogate cost functional based on TV model is proposed. The proposed model was first transformed into three minimizing sub-problems with close form solution and then a variable splitting based fast algorithm is presented. Meanwhile, to overcome the “staircase effect”, the regularization parameters are estimated and adaptively adjusted by perceptual sensitivity to different areas such as flat and edge areas. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm is superior to state-of-the-art algorithms such as Wiener filter, restricted least-squares filter, TV based gradient decreasing algorithm and alternative subspace projection algorithm with respect to signal to noise ratio and the computing time. In addition, both the Gibbs effect and staircase effect are reduced by the proposed algorithm without the loss of image information．

Trajectory Optimization for Maximizing Cruise Range of Air-breathing Hypersonic Missile

LI Xiang, LIU Chang-an, WANG Ze-jiang, ZHANG Hou-jun

2012, 33(3):  290-294.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.007

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The trajectory of an air-breathing hypersonic missile with slender body and thin airfoil is optimized. The missile is powered by a rocket based combined cycle (RBCC) system which combines modes of rocket and ramjet. The design objective is to maximize the cruise range for a given amount of fuel consumption. The design variables are parameterized by using non-uniform rational B-spline（NURBS）.Consequently, the original optimal control problem is converted into an equivalent nonlinear parameter optimization problem which is then solved by using genetic algorithm. Results for three different cruise speeds, i.e. 5, 6 and 7 Ma, are obtained and compared. The results show that, for fuel economy, the cruise speed of the missile should not be too high. For the missile considered, under the condition of the same amount of fuel consumption, the alternative with the cruise speed of 5 Ma is able to attain the longest range.

Research on Differential Evolution Algorithm for Path Planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle inOcean Environment

FU Yang-guang， ZHOU Cheng-ping₂， HU Han-ping₂

2012, 33(3):  295-300.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.008

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To investigate the path of unmanned aerial vehicle (UA) in ocean environment, a method based on the differential evolution（DE）is proposed. It pretreats the planning environment and takes all islands as threatened areas, the path planning problem is simplified as a two-dimensional planning problem. A real number coding is used to represent the candidate paths, and a mathematical model of path cost is established. The performance of differential evolution algorithm is compared with that of genetic algorithm（GA）and particle swarm optimization（PSO）in terms of path quality, robustness and convergence speed. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is able to generate a safe and flyable path for UAV in a complex ocean environment.

Probabilistic Storage Life Prediction of Solid Rocket Motor Grain

TANG Guo-jin， SHEN Zhi-bin， TIAN Si-peng， YANG Dong

2012, 33(3):  301-306.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.009

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A probabilistic storage life prediction model of solid rocket motor（SRM）grain is proposed based on the viscoelastic stochastic finite element method（SFEM）and the temperature accelerated aging test of solid propellant. The relationship between the digital characteristics of solid propellant property parameters of solid propellant and storage time is derived from the statistical analysis of aging test data, and the mean and standard deviation of grain structural response are calculated using 3D viscoelastic response surface SFEM. The structural reliability of a certain SRM grain at the different storage times is analyzed, and its probabilistic storage life is estimated. The methods are available for the designers and users of SRM.

Dynamic Sliding Mode Control of a Hypersonic Flight Vehicle

GENG Jie， LIU Xiang-dong， WANG Liang

2012, 33(3):  307-312.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.010

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A kind of sliding mode flight controller based on dynamic sliding mode principle is proposed for the longitudinal dynamics of a hypersonic flight vehicle. For its input/output linearized model, an auxiliary sliding mode variable is constructed. The dynamic sliding mode control law is introduced and the dual-phase convergent process is implemented. The auxiliary sliding mode and conventional sliding mode are both proved to be convergent in finite time and the condition of controller parameters to be satisfied is given. Using this method, the discontinuous controll output is integrated, and the chattering is effectively reduced. Simulation studies are conducted for a stable cruise condition at the height of 33 528 m and the speed of Mach 15. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed dynamic sliding mode controller reduces the sliding chattering, and has better robustness when there are parameter uncertainties.

Study on Enhancement of Missile Turbojet Engine’s Start Control Discipline

YANG Xin-yi, WANG Yong-hua, DONG Ke-hai, ZHOU Yuan, LI Guan-jun

2012, 33(3):  313-317.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.011

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The missile turbojet engine’s start tests are performed on ground test system, major engine parameters and some performance parameters such as start time and surge margin are obtained. Engine’s fuel supply curve is redesigned. It is divided into three segments: fill, ignition and acceleration segment. Suitable range on fill segment and ignition segment are determined from ground tests. The results show that acceleration segment affects engine’s start performance the most. Improving fuel supply of acceleration segment will shorten start time, at the same time, reduce surge margin.

Influence of Annular Initiation Radius on Parameters of Warhead with Multiple Directional Fragments

LONG Yuan， ZHAO Chang-xiao， MA Hai-yang， JI Chong， ZHANG Yang-yi

2012, 33(3):  318-323.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.012

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Initiation methods affect the formation and morphology of multiple directional fragments (MDF) warhead greatly. Based on the explosively forming mechanism, the effect of annular initiation radius on the fragment formation is analyzed by simulating the process of the liner from the incisory cover to fragments. The results show it the annular initiation radius is bigger, the MDF tip fragments increase quickly but the residual mass decrease gradually; the radial dispersion angle increases firstly and then decreases; for a certain MDF warhead, if the annular initiation radius is between 8 mm and 12 mm, the fragments penetration and damage effect are the best.

Research on the Bore Resistance of Projectile Sabots Based on Conic-chamber Gun

WEI Ping， HOU Jian， CHEN Ting-feng， WANG Qing

2012, 33(3):  324-328.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.013

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The friction between the rear sabot and bore surface in the rectilinear-chamber phase and the impact resistance between the sabots and bore surface during the projectile squashing in the conic-chamber at a high speed in the conic-chamber phase are analyzed. The mathematical models of resistance are set up based on the special structure of conic-chamber gun and projectile. The resistance-length curve, press-length curve, and velocity-length curve are obtained with the mathematical models. And the calculation results are consistent with the experimental results. The research can provide references for the optimization design of conic-chamber gun’s interior ballistics and projectile’s structure.

Research on the Effect of Load on Frictional Wear of Cr-containing Carbon Films

GE Pei-lin， ZHANG Hai-jun， LIU Xiao-ping， BAO Ming-dong， YU lei ， SUN Hai-lin

2012, 33(3):  329-333.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.014

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The high hardness Cr-containing carbon films are deposited using a closed unbalanced field magnetron sputter ion plating system. The film adhesion is evaluated using Rockwell indentation and scratch methods. The thickness of films is measured using a ball rater tester. The Knoop hardness of films is determined using a micro Vickers hardness tester. Friction coefficient and specific wear rate are investigated using a Ball-on-disc tester under various applied loads against a steel ball. The effect of normal load on the tribological behavior of film is investigated. The results show that friction coefficient of films decreases with the increase in the applied loads. The transfer layer on the worm surface of counterpart ball is observed from the SEM and EDX results. The wear mechanism of Cr-containing carbon film is also discussed.

A Method for Validating Simulation Model of Complex Underwater Acoustic Signal Based on Feature Matching

HU Wei-wen， YUAN Bing-cheng， LI Wei， HUANG Deng-bin

2012, 33(3):  334-339.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.015

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The specialty of simulation of complex underwater acoustic signal is analyzed, and a validation method of simulation model is studied in accordance with the specialty. Following the order of considering one feature parameter first and then all feature parameters, the uniformity of simulation signal is analyzed by using of interval estimation and information fusing respectively. The method for validating simulation model of complex underwater acoustic signal is presented based on feature matching by estimating uniformity level of simulation signal. The application in simulation of underwater target echo shows that, the method is effectual for validating simulation model and helpful for raising the modeling efficiency.

Adaptive Sliding-mode Control of Tri-speed Torpedo

WANG Zi-jian, YAN Wei-sheng, GAO Jian, ZHANG Qin-nan

2012, 33(3):  340-346.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.016

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The motion characteristics of the tri-speed torpedo may vary in different speeds, and have different requirements for the adaptive ability and robustness of the control system. For this problem an adaptive sliding-mode control method is proposed. The vertical motion control is divided into two loops, the pitch angle control loop and the depth control loop. The depth control loop uses the adaptive algorithm to online estimate the angle of attack which cannot be measured. The pitch angle loop uses the adaptive sliding-mode control method, online estimates the uncertain model parameters and overcomes the unmodeled uncertainties, which ensures the stability of the tri-speed torpedo under the condition of speed change and model parameters uncertainty, and also eliminates the depth steady-state errors caused by the non-zero equilibrium state. The simulation results verify that the effectiveness of this adaptive sliding-mode control method.

Numerical Simulation and Analysis of the Influence of Fuel Injection Rate-shape on Diesel Engine Combustion Process

ZHANG Jing， LI Guo-xiu， YUAN Ye

2012, 33(3):  347-353.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.017

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The influence of four typical injection rate-shapes on direct injection highly-intensified diesel engine combustion process is studied by using three-dimensional CFD software. Through the analysis of ignition delay, heat release rate shape, ratio of premixed combustion and diffusion combustion heat release, the gravity of the combustion process, it shows that: the ignition delay of rectangular injection rate is the shortest, and it gets fired first. The ignition delay of slope-shaped injection rate is the longest. Heat release accounts of the premixed combustion stage of rectangular and trapezoidal injection rate have a larger proportion, and the gravity of combustion process is closer to the top dead center (TDC), combustion capacity is higher, thermal efficiency is higher. Heat release accounts of slope and wedge-shaped premixed combustion stage takes relatively small proportion.

A Mechanism of the Effect of Anticorrosive and Antiwear Additive on Anticorrosive Property of Aircraft Lubricating Oil

FENG Bing，LIU Shuang-hong，CHEN Guo-xu，WANG Kun

2012, 33(3):  354-359.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.018

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A series of lubricating oils containing different mass fractions of anticorrosive and antiwear additives are confected. The corrosion simulating experiments of bearing in those lubricating samples are performed using an axletree balls corrosion simulating assessment equipment，and the laboratory findings are quantitatively processed according to the corrosion grade criterion. The result shows that both the anticorrosive and antiwear additives can affect the anticorrosive property of lubricating oil. The ultra-voilet absorbency of the lubricating oil is measured before and after the addition of antiwear additive, and the mass fraction change of anticorrosive additive in interfacial film is calculated. The calculated result is compared with the anticorrosive property change between the lubricating oils before and after the addition of antiwear additive. It is found that the change in the absorbability of anticorrosive additive in the interfacial film is consistent with the anticorrosive property change of lubricating oil, which indicates that the sorption between antiwear and anticorrosive additive on the surface of axletree is interactive, and the anticorrosion effect of lubricating oil is determined by the quantity of anticorrosion additive adsorbed on the interface of axletree balls.

Selective Maintenance Model Considering Cannibalization and Multiple Maintenance Actions

LU Xue-zhi， YU Yong-li， ZHANG Liu， QU Chang-zheng

2012, 33(3):  360-366.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.019

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Selective maintenance strategy and cannibalization maintenance strategy are two very important equipment maintenance strategies. The paper develops a selective maintenance model considering cannibalization and multiple maintenance actions, moreover it extends the selective maintenance model at system definition, mission definition and maintenance resource. Firstly, it expounds on the model assumption. Then, it establishes a non-linear, 0-1 programming model to resolve the selective maintenance problem considering cannibalization and multiple maintenance actions. Next，the paper presents a algorithm framework based on metaheuristics. Finally, it provides an example to verify the validity and feasibility of the model. The model suits manager to make reasonable decision considering cannibalization and multiple maintenance actions.

Research Notes

Simulation Model Validation Based on Continuous Hidden Markov Model

WU Jing， WU Xiao-yan₁， TENG Jiang-chuan₁， CHEN Yong-xing₁

2012, 33(3):  367-372.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.020

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A method based on continuous hidden Markov model (CHMM) is applied in the research on the simulation model validation. Firstly, the output feature vector of each selectuble simulation model is extracted in some segments. By using segmental K-means algorithm, CHMM for each simulation model is established and trained, the CHMM-base is built. Once the feature vector sequences of the real system are offered to CHMM-base, the probability outputs are generated. The validity of each selectable simulation model relative to the real system could be judged from the corresponding probability output. The method can be applied to model validation of aircraft guidance and control systems. The results show the reasonability and validity of the proposed method.

Experimental Investigation on Anti-explosion Performance of Steel-wire-net Reinforced Concretes

YUAN Jian-hu， TANG Jian， LU Zhen-jian， AN Li-zhou

2012, 33(3):  373-378.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.021

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0.6 kg and 1.8 kg TNT blocks are used to make the contact explosion tests for the steel-wire-net reinforced concrete sample which contains 2.15% steel and the steel fiber reinforced concrete samples which contain 3% and 5% steel under the same conditions, and the test results were compared. The results show that the anti-explosion capacity of the sample with 2.15% volume content is superior to that of sample with 3% volume content but inferior to that of sample with 5% volume content. The steel-wire-net reinforced concrete has some advantages in anti-explosion capacity, which is slightly inferior to the advantage of penetration performance. It can be found from the comprehensive analysis of the test results that the value should be 0.054 for the anti-explosion structures using steel-wire-mesh reinforced concrete.

A Copula-based Mechanical System Reliability Model and Its Application

HE Cheng-ming， WU Wei, MENG Qing-jun₁

2012, 33(3):  379-384.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.03.022

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There is a complex correlation in the reliability of mechanical system. A reliability model of Copula-based mechanical system is presented by taking the advantage of Copula in describing correlation. The application of the model in mechanical system reliability prediction is described by taking a suspension system of some type armored vehicle for example. The result shows that the model can be perfectly used in the reliability prediction of mechanical system.