Table of Content

01 February 2012, Volume 33 Issue 2

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Paper

Aerodynamic Characteristics Experimental Study and Protective Performance Analysis for Intake and VentGrilles of Armored Vehicles

LI Yun-long, ZHAO Chang-lu, ZHANG Fu-jun, LI Xin, WANG Xiang-qing

2012, 33(2):  129-133.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.001

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To study the experimental correlativity of aerodynamic characteristics of intake and vent grilles in armored vehicles, the aerodynamic performance experiments of grille were carried out based on some typical structures. The aerodynamic and protective performances of air intake and vent grilles in China and U.S. military armored vehicles were comparatively analyzed. The results show that the protective performance of intake and vent grilles in U.S. military armored vehicles is better, but their aerodynamic performance is lower. The aim of grille design is to get the maximum protective capability with minimum throttling pressure loss and enough cooling air mass flux. The grille opening coefficient as a dimensionless parameter was proposed to evaluate the grille leaf structure. It is shown from analysis that the smaller opening coefficient means the stronger protective capability on the basis of certain grille material and leaf thickness.

Research on the Turning and Pitching Performances of Articulated Tracked Vehicle

CHENG Kai, ZHANG Jun, QU Zhen-dong

2012, 33(2):  134-141.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.002

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The mathematical models of articulated tracked vehicle were established for resistance torque solving and pitch analysis by taking the all-terrain articulated tracked vehicle for example, and the factors causing the resistance torque when horizontally turning were analyzed by the tracked vehicle turning principle and Bekker theory. The calculating method of friction between tracks and the ground and the calculating formula of soil resistance caused by the flank of tracks were given. The correctness of this analysis method was verified by test. The results show that this method can not only analyze the condition of the resistance torque for horizontal turning reasonably and effectually, but also provide theoretical basis for the design of articulated tracked vehicle.

Researchon the Calibration Method for Gear shifting of Automatic Transmission

WAN Guo-qiang, HUANG Ying, ZHANG Fu-jun, LI Qian, ZUO Zhe

2012, 33(2):  142-148.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.003

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The development process of electronic automatic transmission control system includes hardware development, software development and calibration. Calibration is the key step to implement control strategy and optimize control quality. An open loop control strategy for 1-2 shifting process was determined for the Allison 2000 transmission. The control pressure characteristics of on-coming clutch and off-going clutch were considered by the control strategy. By analyzing the control parameters, the calibration method and calibration procedure for gear shifting were proposed. The optimization object of the calibration method is to reduce the shift jerk with an acceptable shift time. The calibration method and calibration procedure were verified by the 1-2 upshift experimental study. The experimental study was carried out on the test bench under different load conditions. The experimental results show that superior shift quality is achieved following the calibration method and calibration procedure.

Effect of Liner Micro-geometrical Structure on Vibration and Lubricating Capability of Cylinder Liner-Piston Ring

LIU Peng, YUAN Cheng-qing, GUO Zhi-wei

2012, 33(2):  149-154.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.004

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The micro-geometrical structure has a great impact on the lubricating performance of cylinder liner-piston ring, while the lubricating is related to the vibration of the engine directly. Through monitoring the block vibration signals of the engine, the condition of the engine can be evaluated. In this study, the pits and slots at the liner inner surface are processed and the experiments on the tester are conducted to investigate the influence of liner micro-geometrical structure on the piston transverse impact at different rotating speed and different cylinder. Then, the tribology information of cylinder liner-piston ring assembly is obtained and the mechanism between micro-geometrical structure and lubricating performance was analyzed. Experimental results show that some pits and slots on the inner surface of the cylinder liner can properly improve the lubrication capability of cylinder liner-piston ring at a high rotating speed in diesel engine.

Research on Sensor Management Based on Collective Intelligence

YANG Bo， WANG Xiang-hua, SHAO Li-ping₁, QIN Zheng, YU Wei-hu₁

2012, 33(2):  155-162.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.005

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The conventional sensor management approach generally uses centralized data processing to deal with the system information. The centralized approach has several issues, such as making the center node overloading, the communication of system being congregated, and it probably will bring out the problem of “tragedy of the commons” because of the introduction of local heuristic information. Against these problems, we suggest to solve the sensor management problem by COIN(collective intelligence) theory. The method of sensor management based COIN proposed in this paper uses efficiency function as sensor utility function. In the sensor management method based COIN, the private energy function is defined for every sensor, while global energy function is defined for whole system. The iterative process of COIN theory ensures the global utility will be best when all of the individuals maximize its private utility. The simulation show that the method proposed in this paper can not only reduce the load of the central node and the communication pressure of system, but also can improve the system performance as well as the other sensor management methods. The compare with the sensor management method based PSO shows that the effect of sensor management proposed in this paper is better than that of PSO method.

A Time-Varying Markov Model and Its Application to Network Real-time Risk Probability Prediction

LIU Gang， LI Qian-mu， LIU Feng-yu， ZHANG Hong

2012, 33(2):  163-169.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.006

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In order to predict the likelihood of network risks accurately and in real-time, and help the administrators to manage network risks effectively， a Time-Varying Markov Model (TVMM) for real-time risk probability prediction was proposed. A real-time risk probability prediction method, which is able to predict the probability of network risk in future exactly with a real-time-updating-state probability transition matrix of TVMM, was presented. Combined with the theory of feature extraction and statistical learning, the model was used to calculate the risk probability of the network at different risk level in network attack environment. The result shows that TVMM has higher real-time, objectivity and accuracy than the traditional Markov model.

The Less-conservative Robust Guaranteed Cost Fault-Tolerant Control of Networked Control Systems

LI Wei, WANG Yan-fei

2012, 33(2):  170-178.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.007

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The robust guaranteed cost fault-tolerant control for a networked control system (NCS) with parameter uncertainty was studied. Under the consideration of time-varying delay and packet dropout, the sufficient condition of robust guaranteed cost fault-tolerant control for NCSs against the failure of actuator or sensor was given based on the model with multiple successive delays of state in terms of a delay-dependent approach. The design techniques of optimal guaranteed cost fault-tolerant controller were given by solving the linear matrix inequalities(LMI). Since a lower bound of the time-delay was introduced in the model , the model transformation and the scaling-up of cross terms were not preformed during the proof, and the appropriate free-weighting matrices were introduced, the conservativeness was reduced, and the degree of fault-tolerant satisfaction was improved .Finally, a numerical example was used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Performance Analysis of Repeat-Accumulate Codes over Shallow Water Acoustic Channels

ZHANG Lan， XU Xiao-mei， FENG Wei， CHEN You-gan

2012, 33(2):  179-185.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.008

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Due to a large delay spread caused by multipath propagation and severe attenuation of the channel conditions, the Repeat-Accumulate (RA) code with short length codes, good performance and easy implementation has been proposed to enhance the reliability of the shallow water acoustic (SWA) communication system. A system model including RA coding over the SWA channels was established. As a comparison, the performance of RA codes under different ocean acoustic channel conditions was presented. The experiment in the pool was carried out to show how the encoding and decoding parameters affect the performance of RA codes, which was verified by the image transmission over channels in the pool tank. The simulation and experimental results show that RA codes have a strong error correction capability and the codes with appropriate parameters would further improve the coding gain, while they enjoy encoding and decoding in linear time and have simple hardware implementation, which have a good applied prospect in underwater acoustic communication system.

The Torpedo Shape Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Methods for Low-dragLow-noise and High-maneuverability

ZHAO Jia-peng，ZHANG Yun-hai，REN Chong

2012, 33(2):  186-191.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.009

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For solving the torpedo shape optimization design problem in low-drag, low-noise and high-maneuverability, based on MDO theory, using the algorithms of bi-level integrated system synthesis (BLISS) and concurrent subspace optimization (CSSO)，a multidisciplinary optimization algorithm for solving the torpedo shape integrated optimization design is represented in this paper. The system level optimization model is established, the coupling problem between system and discipline level are solved by using quadratic response surface method. Finally, the effectiveness of analysis and optimization methods, models and calculation programs are verified through the examples, a better project in comprehensive performance was obtained.

Research on the Acoustic Positioning Technique Under the Situation of Hydro Acoustic Electronic Warfare Based on the BuoyPositioning System

FU Jin, LI Li, LIANG Guo-long, MA Wei

2012, 33(2):  192-196.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.010

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The precision of time-delay estimation is the key factor for the performance of the acoustic positioning system based on the buoy platform, when locating the target with its seeking signal. In the nonantagonistic condition, the method of separating group and opening window can measure time-delay of the direct pulse accurately and then get the position of target. But in the environment of antagonistic warfare, the traditional method will only obtain low-grade precision or even become inefficacious due to the existence of the simulated signals sent by the enemy equipment. To solve this problem, a novel method is proposed here, which is based on the matching of time-delay and the Doppler of the signal. This method can distinguish the direct pulse of target’s seeking signal from the simulated disturbance. Through theoretical analysis and computer simulation, this method is proved to be effective and feasible.

Research on Shaped-tube Electrode Machining Turbulated Hole by Pulse Electrochemical Machining

LI Zhao-long, WEI Dong-bo, DI Shi-chun, L Peng-xiang, SUN Shu-fa

2012, 33(2):  197-202.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.011

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To address the problems, such as the complicated electrolytic processing procedure of variable cross-sectional aperture, poor shape accuracy, difficult processing to electrode, and the like, Based on theoretical analysis, this paper researched the tubular electrode pulse electrolytic processing variable cross-sectional aperture. Based on theoretical derivation, this paper proposed the main controlling factors of tubular electrode pulse electrolytic processing-gap side electric current I_s, and the test realized tubular electrode pulse electrolytic processing variable cross-sectional aperture and analyzed technology factors affecting I_s. This approach simplifies the manufacturing processes of variable cross-sectional aperture, and improve processing efficiency, to achieve the controllability of dimensional accuracy.

Analysis of the Inter-class Distance-based Kernel Parameter Evaluating Method for RBF-SVM

SONG Xiao-shan, JIANG Xiao-yu, LUO Jian-hua, YAO Jun

2012, 33(2):  203-208.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.012

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The effect of radial basis function (RBF) kernel parameter γ on the mapped space was analyzed. A novel kernel parameter evaluating method was proposed, which is based on the inter-class mean distance (ICMD). The theoretical and experimental analyses were made for the proposed method. Two sets of parameter selection experiments were made in order to prove the validity of the proposed method. In the first set, the optimal parameter γ was chosen by the ICMD method, and then the optimal cost parameter C was obtained by the 10-folds cross validation, which is called “Two-Stage Method”; In the second set, the 10-folds cross validation-based grid search method was adopted. The results show that the “Two-Stage Method” can select the optimal parameters with significantly decreased time cost, which proves the validity of ICMD method.

Bayesian Analysis Based on Dirichlet Prior Distribution of Dominant Failure Modes for Electromechanical Products

TAN Yuan-yuan， ZHANG Chun-hua， CHEN Xun

2012, 33(2):  209-213.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.013

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For complex electromechanical products with several failure modes, the analysis of dominant failure modes is a key process during reliability design and test. But the frequency analysis, which is commonly used for quantitative analysis at present, is not the best method when data is not plenty. For this problem, Bayesian method based on Dirichlet prior distribution is proposed for quantitative analysis of dominant failure modes in the case of small sample size. Monte Carlo simulation is performed to check the proposed methods and an example is provided. The results show that, Bayesian method is more suitable than the frequency analysis method, and is more effective to find out the dominant failure modes when sample size is small.

Comprehensive Review

A Review of Visual Odometry for Intelligent Vehicles

JIANG Yan-hua, XIONG Guang-ming, JIANG Yan, GONG Jian-wei, CHEN Hui-yan

2012, 33(2):  214-220.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.014

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Algorithms of the visual odometry for intelligent vehicles are reviewed. Firstly, the basic principle of the visual odometry is introduced. Secondly, the classification and comparison are made according to types of visual information, the configuration of cameras and the calculation framework. Thirdly, the key techniques including feature selection and matching, robust motion estimation in two-frame visual odometry system are analyzed. Finally the development trends of the visual odometry algorithms are discussed.

Research Notes

Research on Force Characteristics of Steering-wheel System in Tracked Vehicle Simulator

WEI Chun-yu， WEI Yan-ding， ZHOU Xiao-jun， XIE Ming-xiang

2012, 33(2):  221-226.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.015

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A force characteristics function applied in the steering feel simulation system of a tracked vehicle simulator was built. This function is related with the vehicle dynamic parameters and state parameters. A conception of “generalized ground drag index” was presented as well as a method of constructing it with the vehicle state parameters provided. Virtual drive of the tracked vehicle was conducted in Vortex in order to simulate and analyze the changing relations between different parameters and force characteristics function and compute the steering torque in real time on different road situations. The results reflect that the steering-wheel force characteristics function can meet requests very well.

The Optimization Study on the Stiffness of Coupling in Vehicle Powertrain Based on iSIGHT Platform

LIU Hui, CAI Zhong-chang, CAO Hua-xia, XIANG Chang-le

2012, 33(2):  227-231.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.016

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In order to decrease the response of torsional vibration, multi-object optimization model of vehicle powertrain is established, which represented system vibration and integrated forced torsional vibration analysis program by iSIGHT software. In this model, stiffness of the coupling is variable, objective function is to minimize additional vibration stresses of shafts, and the calculation is finished by Pointer optimizer. After optimize design, vibration amplitude of lumped masses and additional torsional vibration stresses of shafts are evidently reduced. It shows that the optimization model is effective and fast, and it can provide reference to the improving of stiffness of coupling.

Design of New Control System in Electric Drive Vehicle

YAN Nan-ming, ZHANG Yu-nan, WANG He-yuan, HU Guo-qing

2012, 33(2):  232-236.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.017

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A 4×4 hybrid electric drive scheme based on 1-ton military wheeled vehicle was proposed to satisfy the special requirements of military vehicle. It consists of engine-generator group, electric power converter, battery and AC (alternate current) motor, and the corresponding matching calculation of its main components was implemented. On that basis, a distributed electric drive control system based on CAN bus network was also developed. The control system not only realizes the electric differential function when vehicle is steering, but also provides a multi-standard power source and three driving modes. The experiment results show that what the scheme not only satisfies the requirements of strong power and multi-function, but also has a higher reliability.

Consistency and Correction of Dynamic Triangular Fuzzy Number Reciprocal Judgment Matrix

LIU Sheng, ZHANG Yu-ting, YU Da-yong

2012, 33(2):  237-243.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.018

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In order to overcome the disadvantages of the traditional hierarchical analysis method which can’t denote fuzziness and time-varying system, a niche genetic algorithm was used to examine the consistency of the dynamic triangular fuzzy number reciprocal judgment matrix, correct its matrix elements and order the weights. The method takes the consistency examination，matrix correction and weights ordering as an integral process. The genetic algorithm was adopted to optimize the nonlinear function of consistency index coefficient. The algorithm can make the corrected judgment matrixes have smaller consistency index coefficients on the basis of correcting the initial judgment matrixes to the smallest extend. The complexity and stability of the algorithm were analyzed, and its effectiveness was also proved by an example comparison. The theoretical analysis and example comparison show that the algorithm can take advantage of the initial judgment matrix information and meet the requirements of off-line assessment. And it has the stability in weights ordering. It is meaningful in overcoming the fuzziness and time-varying features of evaluation systems.

Optimization Design on Cooperation Effectiveness of Equipment Maintenance Support Network Based on Complex Network

XU Yu-guo, QIU Jing, LIU Guan-jun

2012, 33(2):  244-251.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.019

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The cooperation effectiveness analysis and design of networked equipment maintenance support system is a critical challenge. The network characteristic of equipment maintenance support system was analyzed by using the complex network theory, and a network model of equipment maintenance support system was proposed. Subsequently, the impact of topology characteristic and dynamic evolution on the cooperation effectiveness of equipment maintenance support system was addressed, and a dynamic evolution model of equipment maintenance support was established based on two-layer weighted network. And then an optimal evolution algorithm of support network was proposed to maximize the cooperation effectiveness, so that an optimal support network was designed. Finally some equipment maintenance support system was provided to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method. The result shows that the proposed method can obtain the best maintenance support cooperation effectiveness.

Study on Condition-based Maintenance Effect Under uncertain Health Evaluation

YANG Shu-ming, QIU Jing, LIU Guan-jun, XU Yu-guo, WANG Chao

2012, 33(2):  252-256.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.02.020

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Condition-based maintenance (CBM), which is triggered by equipment health evaluation results, has become a new support mode of complex equipment. Aiming at the problem that uncertain health evaluation has certainly an impact on CBM behavior, and further on equipment operational readiness, three quantitative indexes, including accurate evaluation probability, excessive evaluation probability and deficient evaluation probability, were firstly defined to describe the uncertainty of health evaluation, and the steady-state availability was applied to describe CBM effect. Then the discrete state Markov process and the steady-state balance theory were used to construct the dependency among steady-state availability and accurate evaluation probability and excessive evaluation probability，which provides the base for further study of health evaluation theory. Finally, two cases were used to validate and verify the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective.