Design and Optimization of Secondary Underwater Acoustic Emission Unit for Active Echo Suppression

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0899

Abstract

Abstract:

Traditional coating layer for underwater vehicles mainly depend on material renewal and structure optimization, which is difficult to cope with low-frequency active sonar detection. A lightweight, thin and low-frequency broadband underwater acoustic emission unit with high pressure resistance is designed based on the giant magnetostrictive material. The design and optimization process of the core components are analyzed emphatically, and the finite element simulation results are verified by the PSV-400 laser vibriometer. The optimal boundary constraints of the active emitting element are determined through the modal analysis of a fixed radiation panel. Compared with the performance of the emission unit in the original configuration, it is found that, under the premise of maintaining good directivity of underwater acoustic emission, the highest resonance frequency below 2000Hz is reduced by more than 10% based on the finite element analysis. Based on the acoustic structure coupling analysis, the maximum radiation source level of active emission unit in the low frequency range is 147.48dB, which is increased by 4.65%. The frequency bandwidth of transmitting unit exceeds 1500Hz when the sound source level is higher than 100dB. This means that there is a higher sound power level in this frequency bandwidth range. The emission unit can provide technical support for the application of array in the large-scale acoustic cladding. It has certain academic research value and broad engineering application prospect.

Key words: active echo suppression, active emission unit, giant magnetostrictive material, optimal boundary constraint, low frequency broadband

CLC Number:

TB56

WANG Wenjie, YANG Long, ZHAO Xu. Design and Optimization of Secondary Underwater Acoustic Emission Unit for Active Echo Suppression[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(5): 1472-1481.

Figures/Tables 21

Fig.1 Structure diagram of giant magnetostrictive emission unit (upper: three-dimensional structure diagram, below: section view)

Fig.2 Relationship between strain of GMM and magnetic field intensity

Fig.3 Disk type permanent magnet structure

Table 1 Structural dimension parameters

结构	尺寸/mm
辐射面板	ϕ170×4
GMM棒	ϕ6×15
永磁体	ϕ6×7
配重质量块	ϕ18×18.5
励磁线圈	外径ϕ15,内径ϕ6,长37
外形壳体	截面边长31.5,高72.5

Table 2 Grid validity verification

网格尺寸 d/mm	频率/Hz
网格尺寸 d/mm	1阶	2阶	3阶	4阶
1.0	292.51	761.73	1259.3	2803.5
1.5	292.92	761.94	1260.1	2803.9
2.0	297.01	762.43	1261.3	2804.6
2.5	299.14	762.55	1261.8	2805.5
3.0	301.82	763.34	1264.5	2807.5

Fig.4 Mesh divsion (left: internal structure, right: overall structure)

Table 3 Material parameters

材料	弹性模量E/GPa	密度ρ/(kg·m^-3)	泊松比μ
45号钢	209	7890	0.269
GMM	23	9250	0.210
铁	194	7930	0.280
铜	90	8500	0.300
磁铁	113	3800	0.230

Table 4 Structural materials

结构	材料	结构	材料
配重质量块	45号钢	GMM棒	GMM
驱动元件	铁	励磁线圈	铜
辐射面板	45号钢	作动元件	45号钢
永磁体	磁铁	后端盖	铁

Fig.5 Simulation constraints

Fig.6 Real picture of giant magnetostrictive underwater acoustic emission unit

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of modal test (left: test device,right: test result)

Fig.8 Comparison of simulated (left) and experimental results(right)

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of radiant panel constraints

Table 5 Resonance frequency of original configuration

阶数	1阶	2阶	3阶	4阶	5阶	6阶
频率/Hz	805.19	810.67	915.85	1418.62	2319.99	2370.49

Fig.10 Comparison of opening conditions

Table 6 Comparison of simulation resonance frequencies

开孔情况	频率/Hz
开孔情况	1阶	2阶	3阶	4阶
不开孔圆盘	294.07	762.42	1261.25	2804.63
开三孔圆盘	294.34	762.71	1261.69	2805.59
开四孔圆盘	294.47	764.13	1261.99	2806.19

Fig.11 Constraint conditions

Fig.12 Resonance frequency contrast diagram

Fig.13 Vibration cloud diagram and resonance frequency

Fig.14 Sound source level curve of emission unit

Fig.15 Transmiting directivity of emission unit

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