装甲车辆多模态交互和环境负荷对乘员任务绩效的影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0079

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着信息技术的进步,装甲车辆的人机交互方式不断更新,为探究新型多模态交互下乘员的任务绩效,指导未来装甲车辆多模态操作、告警方式的设计,建立一套可集成多模态交互、可调节环境负荷大小的新型人机交互实验系统。基于该系统,招募20名成年男性开展了操作(输入)方式、告警(输出)方式和环境负荷水平的三因素工效学实验。在虚拟实验平台中完成不同实验条件下的模拟击打目标实验,分析被试的任务绩效。实验结果表明:相对于在触屏输入或语音输入下,机械输入下乘员的反应时间最短,但乘员操作错误率最高;机械输入和触屏输入下乘员的任务完成时间远优于语音输入;相对于单模态视觉告警,叠加了触觉告警的视觉+触觉(Visual+Tactile,V+T)双模态告警会显著缩短乘员反应时间,而叠加了听觉告警的视觉+听觉(Visual+ Auditory,V+A)告警则无明显差异;V+T或V+A双模态告警可以显著缩短乘员任务完成时间;对于环境负荷的影响,低环境负荷下乘员任务绩效明显高于高环境负荷;随着环境负荷的增加,V+T告警中叠加听觉告警会造成告警冗余;该研究可为装甲车辆舱室多模态人机交互设计提供实践依据。

关键词: 装甲车辆, 乘员, 多模态交互, 环境负荷, 任务绩效

Abstract:

With the progress of information technology,the human-computer interaction modes of armored vehicles have been constantly updated.In order to explore the mission performance of occupant in new multimodal interaction and guide the design of multimodal operation and warning modes of future armored vehicles,a human-computer interaction experimental system which integrates multimodal interaction and adjusts the environmental load is established.Based on this system,20 adult males were recruited to conduct an ergonomics experiment involving operation (input) mode,warning (output) mode and environmental load level. The simulated target hitting experiments under different experimental conditions are performed in a virtual experimental platform,and the mission performances of occupants are analyzed.The experimental results show that the reaction time of occupant under mechanical input is the shortest and the operation error rate is the highest compared with those under touch input or voice input.The mission completion time of occupant under mechanical input and touch input is much shorter than that under voice input.Compared to the single modal visual (V) warning,the visual+tactile (V+T) dual-modal warning superimposed with tactile warning is used to significantly shorten the reaction time of occupant,while the visual+auditory (V+A) dual-modal warning superimposed with auditory warning has no significant difference.V+T or V+A dual-modal warning can significantly shorten the mission completion time of occupant.For the influence of environmental load,the mission performance of crew under low environmental load is significantly higher than that under high environmental load.As the environmental load increases,superimposing A warning in V+T warning will cause warning redundancy.The research can provide a practical basis for the design of multi-modal human-computer interaction in the armored vehicle cabin.

Key words: armored vehicle, occupant, multi-modal interaction, environmental load, mission performance

中图分类号:

TJ811

栾可迪, 郭保桥, 魏中亮, 谷源森, 王岗亭, 邓丽莎, 陈鹏万. 装甲车辆多模态交互和环境负荷对乘员任务绩效的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(4): 240079-.

LUAN Kedi, GUO Baoqiao, WEI Zhongliang, GU Yuansen, WANG Gangting, DENG Lisha, CHEN Pengwan. Effects of Armored Vehicle Multi-modal Interactions and Environmental Load on Mission Performance of Occupant[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(4): 240079-.

图/表 23

表1 测量采集设备及其参数

Table 1 Measuring and acquiring equipment and their parameters

设备	参数
噪声发生设备	2.0声道,最大功率40W
可调光强式光源	额定功率14.5W(72×0.2W/LED模块)
数字照度计	量程0.1~99990lx、0.1~999.9lx,分度值0.1lx;1000~99990lx,分度值1lx
数字噪声计	量程30~130dB,分度值0.1dB
视频采集设备	300万像素,帧率30帧/s

图1 装甲车辆虚拟仿真软件的界面

Fig.1 Interface of armored vehicle virtual simulation software

图2 振动手环工作原理

Fig.2 Operating principle of vibration bracelet

图3 装甲车辆多模态人机交互实验系统

Fig.3 Armored vehicle multi-modal human-computer interaction test system

图4 敌方车辆与我方车辆相对方位图

Fig.4 Azimuth map of enemy vehicles relative to ours

表2 敌方车辆方位信息

Table 2 Enemy vehicles location information

序号	方位
1	东偏南45°
2	东偏北45°
3	东偏南10°
4	东偏南50°
5	东偏北10°
6	东偏北50°

表3 不同实验条件的设定

Table 3 Setting of different experimental conditions

因素1	因素2	因素3
低环境负荷	机械输入	V
		V+A
		V+T
		V+A+T
	触屏输入	V
		V+A
		V+T
		V+A+T
	语音输入	V
		V+A
		V+T
		V+A+T
高环境负荷	机械输入	V
		V+A
		V+T
		V+A+T
	触屏输入	V
		V+A
		V+T
		V+A+T
	语音输入	V
		V+A
		V+T
		V+A+T

表4 不同模态下敌方车辆(编号)出现的顺序

Table 4 Order in which enemy vehicles appear in different modes

实验编号类型	敌方车辆波次
实验编号类型	1	2	3	4
奇数	1	2、5	6	3、4
偶数	2	1、3	4	5、6

图5 反应时间与歼敌时间

Fig.5 Reaction time and annihilation time

表5 不同实验条件下的反应时间、任务完成时间和操作错误率描述性统计结果

Table 5 Descriptive statistical results of reaction time,mission completion time and operation error rate under different experimental conditions

环境负荷	输入方式	输出方式	反应时间/s		任务完成时间/s		操作错误数	操作错误率/%
环境负荷	输入方式	输出方式	平均值	标准差	平均值	标准差	操作错误数	操作错误率/%
低环境负荷	机械输入	V	1.31	0.94	77.88	16.76	20	16.67
		V+A	1.20	0.69	68.77	11.35	14	11.67
		V+T	1.06	0.63	66.15	8.93	9	7.50
		V+A+T	1.05	0.72	69.23	11.30	10	8.33
	触屏输入	V	2.01	0.89	75.18	10.74	1	0.83
		V+A	2.00	0.86	70.54	10.32	2	1.67
		V+T	1.74	0.76	68.21	5.50	1	0.83
		V+A+T	1.65	0.82	68.51	7.07	2	1.67
	语音输入	V	4.58	1.25	122.78	20.86	2	1.67
		V+A	4.22	1.09	112.23	13.61	3	2.50
		V+T	4.20	1.34	105.88	8.84	0	0
		V+A+T	3.93	0.93	118.90	13.09	2	1.67
高环境负荷	机械输入	V	1.58	1.04	92.05	28.45	16	13.33
		V+A	1.42	0.81	80.60	18.50	17	14.17
		V+T	1.13	0.78	75.74	14.23	18	15.00
		V+A+T	1.18	0.87	76.94	10.86	18	15.00
	触屏输入	V	2.35	1.32	89.36	15.18	6	5.00
		V+A	2.29	1.20	87.29	22.95	5	4.17
		V+T	2.05	1.27	79.90	13.30	2	1.67
		V+A+T	1.98	1.19	77.45	10.31	3	2.50
	语音输入	V	5.12	1.51	146.23	28.24	4	3.33
		V+A	4.74	1.23	123.57	17.82	3	2.5
		V+T	4.29	0.97	123.33	12.16	1	0.83
		V+A+T	5.97	1.38	163.92	24.22	0	0

表6 主体间效应结果

Table 6 Results of intersubjective effects

自变量	反应时间				任务完成时间				操作错误数
自变量	f	F	p	偏η²	f	F	p	偏η²	f	F	p	偏η²
环境负荷	1	92.656	<0.001^**	0.037	1	120.032	<0.001^**	0.208	1	5.963	0.015	0.013
输入方式	2	2227.280	<0.001^**	0.649	2	533.338	<0.001^**	0.701	2	87.917	<0.001^**	0.278
输出方式	3	14.673	<0.001^**	0.018	3	17.621	<0.001^**	0.104	3	2.211	0.086	0.014
环境负荷×输入方式	2	18.753	<0.001^**	0.015	2	8.245	<0.001^**	0.035	2	1.399	0.248	0.006
环境负荷×输出方式	3	10.494	<0.001^**	0.013	3	1.529	0.206	0.010	3	0.357	0.784	0.002
输入方式×输出方式	6	7.723	<0.001^**	0.019	6	8.685	<0.001^**	0.103	6	0.215	0.972	0.003
环境负荷×输入方式×输出方式	6	11.285	<0.001^**	0.027	6	3.801	0.001^*	0.048	6	1.878	0.083	0.024

图6 不同输入方式下的反应时间

Fig.6 Reaction times under different input modes

图7 不同输入方式下的任务完成时间

Fig.7 Mission completion times under different input methods

表7 不同输入方式下装甲车辆乘员任务完成时间的多重比较

Table 7 Multiple comparison of mission completion times of armored vehicle occupant under different input modes

参考项	比较项	任务完成时间平均值差值/s	p
机械输入	触屏输入	-1.135	0.526
机械输入	语音输入	-51.184^*	<0.001
触屏输入	机械输入	1.135	0.526
触屏输入	语音输入	-50.048^*	<0.001
语音输入	机械输入	51.184^*	<0.001
语音输入	触屏输入	50.048^*	<0.001

图8 不同输入方式下的操作错误率

Fig.8 Operation error rates under different input modes

表8 不同输入方式下装甲车辆乘员操作错误数的多重比较

Table 8 Multiple comparison of the number of operating errors of armored vehicle occupant under different input modes

参考项	比较项	操作错误数平均值差值	p
机械输入	触屏输入	0.62^*	<0.001
机械输入	语音输入	0.67^*	<0.001
触屏输入	机械输入	-0.62^*	<0.001
触屏输入	语音输入	0.04	0.439
语音输入	机械输入	-0.67^*	<0.001
语音输入	触屏输入	-0.04	0.439

图9 不同输出方式下的反应时间

Fig.9 Reaction times under different output modes

表9 不同输出方式下装甲车辆乘员反应时间的多重比较

Table 9 Multiple comparison of reaction times of armored vehicle occupant under different output modes

参考项	比较项	反应时间平均值差值/s	p
V	V+A	0.116	0.062
	V+T	0.409^*	<0.001
	V+A+T	0.199^**	0.001
V+A	V	-0.116	0.062
	V+T	0.293^*	<0.001
	V+A+T	0.083	0.181
V+T	V	-0.409^*	<0.001
	V+A	-0.293^*	<0.001
	V+A+T	-0.210^**	0.001
V+A+T	V	-0.199^**	0.001
	V+A	-0.083	0.181
	V+T	0.210^**	0.001

图10 不同输出方式下的任务完成时间

Fig.10 Mission completion times under different output modes

表10 不同输出方式下装甲车辆乘员任务完成时间的多重比较

Table 10 Multiple comparison of mission ompletion times of armored vehicle occupant under different output modes

参考项	比较项	任务完成时间平均值差值/s	p
V	V+A	10.08^*	0.011
	V+T	14.04^**	<0.001
	V+A+T	4.75	0.230
V+A	V	-10.08^*	0.011
	V+T	3.96	0.316
	V+A+T	-5.33	0.178
V+T	V	-14.0 $4 * *$	<0.001
	V+A	-3.96	0.316
	V+A+T	-9.29^*	0.019
V+A+T	V	-4.75	0.230
	V+A	5.32	0.178
	V+T	9.29^*	0.019

表10 不同输出方式下装甲车辆乘员任务完成时间的多重比较

Table 10 Multiple comparison of mission ompletion times of armored vehicle occupant under different output modes

参考项	比较项	任务完成时间平均值差值/s	p
V	V+A	10.08^*	0.011
	V+T	14.04^**	<0.001
	V+A+T	4.75	0.230
V+A	V	-10.08^*	0.011
	V+T	3.96	0.316
	V+A+T	-5.33	0.178
V+T	V	-14.0 $4 * *$	<0.001
	V+A	-3.96	0.316
	V+A+T	-9.29^*	0.019
V+A+T	V	-4.75	0.230
	V+A	5.32	0.178
	V+T	9.29^*	0.019

图11 不同环境负荷下的反应时间

Fig.11 Reaction times under different environmental loads

图12 不同环境负荷下的任务完成时间

Fig.12 Mission completion times under different environmental loads

表11 输入方式和输出方式交互作用下的反应时间、任务完成时间描述性统计结果(平均值±标准差)

Table 11 Descriptive statistical results of reaction time and mission completion time under the interaction of input mode and output mode (mean±standard deviation)

输入方式	输出方式	反应时间/s		任务完成时间/s
输入方式	输出方式	平均值	标准差	平均值	标准差
机械输入	V	1.45	1.00	84.96	24.14
	V+A	1.30	0.76	74.69	16.29
	V+T	1.10	0.71	70.95	12.70
	V+A+T	1.11	0.79	73.09	11.61
触屏输入	V	2.19	1.15	82.27	14.83
	V+A	2.15	1.06	78.92	19.50
	V+T	1.90	1.06	74.06	11.66
	V+A+T	1.82	1.04	72.98	9.83
语音输入	V	4.85	1.41	134.50	27.23
	V+A	4.48	1.19	117.90	16.67
	V+T	4.25	1.17	114.61	13.72
	V+A+T	4.91	1.55	141.41	29.82

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