装甲车辆大功率电驱动系统传导干扰预测模型构建方法

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0765

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

装甲车辆动力系统大功率电驱动系统中开关模组的高速切换将产生一系列高压瞬态脉冲及宽频谐波干扰,对高度电气化的整车系统构成严峻威胁。针对大功率电驱动系统产生的传导干扰缺乏数字化检测及分析问题,提出一种系统级的传导干扰预测模型构建方法。对电驱动系统各电气部件例如高压电池组、逆变器、负载电机分别独立建模;基于多导体传输线方法,将各模型通过表征系统寄生效应的传输线进行级联,进而构成完整的分布式系统级传导干扰预测模型。通过测试台架对新提出的模型进行精度测试对比验证。对比验证结果表明,新构建的模型在10kHz~100MHz频段范围内仿真精度优于8dB,可为电驱动装甲车辆的电磁兼容正向设计提供有效支撑,具备创新性及实用性。

关键词: 装甲车辆, 传导干扰, 电驱动系统, 开关模组, 三相同步电机, 模型构建

Abstract:

The high-speed switching of switch modules in the high-power electric drive system of armored vehicle power system will generate a series of high-voltage transient pulses and broadband harmonic interference, thus posing a serious threat to the highly electrified vehicle system. A system level constructing method for a conducted interference prediction model is proposed to address the lack of digital detection and analysis of conducted interference generated by high-power electric drive systems. Firstly, the models of electrical components, such as high-voltage battery pack, inverter, and load motor, of the electric drive system are constructed independently; secondly, based on the multi-conductor transmission line method, each model is cascaded through transmission lines that characterize the parasitic effects of the system, thereby forming a complete distributed system-level conducted interference prediction model; and finally, the accuracy of the proposed prediction model is test and verified through bench test. The verified results indicate that the proposed prediction model has a simulation accuracy of better than 8dB in the frequency range of 10kHz to 100MHz, which can provide effective support for the forward design of electromagnetic compatibility of electric drive armored vehicle, and is innovative and practical.

Key words: armored vehivel, conducted interference, electric drive system, switch module, three-phase synchronous motor, model construction

中图分类号:

TG156

熊瑛, 李小健, 范知友, 李楠, 王彪, 王天楠. 装甲车辆大功率电驱动系统传导干扰预测模型构建方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(9): 3004-3016.

XIONG Ying, LI Xiaojian, FAN Zhiyou, LI Nan, WANG Biao, WANG Tiannan. Construction Method of Conducted Interference Prediction Model for High Power Electric Drive System of Armored Vehicle[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(9): 3004-3016.

图/表 28

表1 军用、民用驱动电机技术参数对比

Table 1 Comparison of technical parameters of military and commercial drive motors

技术指标	民用驱动电机	军用驱动电机
额定功率/kW	60~80	≥140
峰值功率/kW	120~150	≥200
峰值扭矩/(N·m)	200~1200	≥1200
额定母线电压V_DC/V	300~600	500~1200

图1 大功率电驱动系统拓扑架构

Fig.1 Topology of high-power electric drive system

图2 PWM波时域和频域特性

Fig.2 Time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics of PWM wave

图3 电驱动系统共模干扰传播路径

Fig.3 Common mode interference propagation path of electric drive system

图4 电驱动系统差模干扰传播路径

Fig.4 Differential mode interference propagation path of electric drive system

图5 电驱动系统试验平台供电原理图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of power supply for electric drive system test platform

图6 高压LISN实物及其等效电路示意图

Fig.6 Picture of high-voltage LISN and its equivalent circuit

图7 高压电源等效电路模型

Fig.7 Equivalent circuit model of high-voltage power supply

图8 SPWM等效电路模型

Fig.8 Equivalent circuit model of SPWM

图9 DC/AC逆变器主电路

Fig.9 Main circuit of DC/AC inverter

图10 考虑寄生参数的DC/AC逆变器电路

Fig.10 DC/AC inverter circuit with parasitic parameters

表2 逆变器电路中的寄生参数

Table 2 Parasitic parameter values in inverter circuits

寄生参数	取值	寄生参数	取值
C_Y/μF	0.74	C_e/pF	370
L_Y/nH	143	C_c/pF	88
C_Link/μF	925	C_p/pF	410
L_Link/nH	9	C_j/nF	12
L_IGBT/nH	27

表3 电机基本技术参数

Table 3 Basic parameters of motor

参数	数值	参数	数值
持续功率/kW	140	峰值功率/kW	200
持续扭矩/(N·m)	1100	峰值扭矩/(N·m)	2500
额定转速/(r·min^-1)	1215	最高转速/(r·min^-1)	2700

图11 电机三相端子共模与差模阻抗测试方法

Fig.11 Measurement method for common and differential mode impedances of three-phase terminals

图12 电机高频等效电路模型

Fig.12 High frequency equivalent circuit model of AC induction motor

表4 电机单相共模电路参数值

Table 4 Circuit parameters of single phase common mode impedance

R₁/Ω	L₁/H	R₂/Ω	C₂/F	m	R_m₁/Ω	R_m₂/Ω	L_m/H	C_m/F
				3	0.1072	134.7561	3.3864×10^-5	8.7215×10^-9
7.5838	1.0893×10^-7	3.4378×10⁶	9.9736×10^-9	4	9.3814	148.2797	1.3803×10^-5	9.8771×10^-10
				5	0.5508	-1.2617×10³	8.8580×10^-9	2.4590×10^-10
				6	-1.2344	721.9726	1.6976×10^-7	8.2781×10^-12

表5 电机单相差模的电路参数值

Table 5 Circuit parameters of single phase differential mode impedance

R₁/Ω	R₂/Ω	C₂/F	n	R_n₁/Ω	R_n₂/Ω	L_n/H	C_n/F
			3	24.6039	833.3883	2.9362×10^-4	6.9829×10^-9
			4	1.5962	-28.7380	3.0657×10^-6	1.5245×10^-7
47.9964	-48.3826	-2.6092×10^-8	5	30.4715	391.7894	8.5808×10^-6	1.2820×10^-9
			6	0.446	-0.4701	-1.7044×10^-10	-8.0010×10^-10
			7	-36.9038	113.7829	9.4583×10^-8	1.20802×10^-11

图13 共模及差模阻抗仿真与测试对比

Fig.13 Comparison between simulated and test results of common and differential mode impedances

图14 直流和交流线缆横截面示意图

Fig.14 Cross section diagrams of DC cable and three phase cable

图15 直流和交流线缆多导体传输线等效电路模型

Fig.15 MTL models of DC cable and three-phase cable

表6 传输线等效模型电参数释义及取值

Table 6 Symbolic meaning and values of electrical parameters in the equivalent model of transmission lines

电参数	释义	取值
R_c1, R_c2, R_c3	单位电长度内导体电阻值	R_c1=R_c2=R_c3=21.53mΩ/m
R_sh1, R_sh2, R_sh3	单位电长度屏蔽层电阻值	R_sh1=R_sh2=R_sh3=6.7mΩ/m
L_c1, L_c2, L_c3	单位电长度内导体自感值	L_c1=L_c2=L_c3=942.96nH/m
L_sh1, L_sh2, L_sh3	单位电长度屏蔽层自感值	L_sh1=L_sh2=L_sh3=846.97nH/m
M_c1c2, M_c1c2, M_c1c3	单位电长度内导体间互感值	M_c1c2=M_c2c3=640.25nH/m M_c1c3=546.02nH/m
M_sh1sh2, M_sh1sh3, M_sh2sh3	单位电长度屏蔽层间互感值	M_sh1sh2=M_sh2sh3=640.25nH/m M_sh1sh3=546.02nH/m
M_c1sh1, M_c1sh2, M_c1sh3 M_c2sh1, M_c2sh2, M_c2sh3 M_c3sh1, M_c3sh2, M_c3sh3	单位电长度内导体与屏蔽层间互感值	M_c1sh1=M_c2sh2=M_c3sh3=846.97nH/m M_c1sh2=M_c2sh2=M_c2sh3=M_c3sh2=640.25nH/m M_c1sh3=M_c3sh1=546.02nH/m
C_sh1, C_sh2, C_sh3	单位电长度屏蔽层对地电容值	C_sh1=C_sh2=C_sh3=492.47pF/m
C_sh1sh2, C_sh1sh3, C_sh2sh3	单位电长度屏蔽层间互容值	C_sh1sh2=C_sh2sh3=20.63pF/m C_sh1sh3=1.65nH/m
C_c1sh1, C_c2sh2, C_c3sh3	单位电长度内导体与屏蔽层互容值	C_c1sh1=C_c2sh2=C_c3sh3=446.46pF/m

图16 电驱动系统等效电路模型

Fig.16 Equivalent circuit model of electric drive system

图17 电驱动系统传导干扰测试示意图

Fig.17 Diagrams of conducted EMI measurement for electric drive system

图18 相电压和共模电压时域测试图

Fig.18 Test diagrams of phase voltage and common-mode voltage in time-domain

图19 PWM频域电压测试图

Fig.19 Test diagram of PWM voltage in frequency-domain

图20 控制信号仿真波形图

Fig.20 Diagram of control signal simulation waveform

图21 相电压和共模电压时域仿真图

Fig.21Sim ulation diagrams of phase voltage and common-mode voltage in time-domain

图22 传导电压仿真测试对比示意图

Fig.22 Comparison diagrams of PWM voltages in frequency-domain

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