基于典型应用场景的GNSS用户端抗干扰性能评估方法

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0075

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

保障全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)为用户提供高精度导航定位、测速、授时信息是导航战的首要任务,然而GNSS用户端与卫星距离遥远,相较于GNSS系统端,更易受到干扰和欺骗等的蓄意毁伤。故为提升用户端对抗干扰威胁的能力、推进其抗干扰技术的发展与成熟,急需开展用户端抗干扰性能评估研究,但已有研究多针对单一类型指标、特定应用场景开展用户端抗干扰算法研究与性能分析,存在分项评估研究不足、综合评估研究缺失等问题。为此,设置单天线抗干扰、阵列天线抗干扰、惯导辅助抗干扰、无人机抗干扰这些典型应用场景,建立针对多应用场景的用户端抗干扰性能评估指标体系,并引入可用度A、可信度D、能力值C方法改进已有模型的应用局限,提出用户端抗干扰的分项性能评估方法;基于模糊综合评判思路与改进组合赋权法,改进已有加权积模型,提出用户端抗干扰的综合能力评估方法。实验结果表明,相比于已有评估模型,采用所提方法实现应用场景的多模型串联,降低了接收机的跟踪门限使其未超过45°,减小了动态测量误差率使其不大于1,增加了阵列增益使其不超过36dB,提高了被测装备性能评估准确度及其对抗干扰威胁的能力,能有效辅助多应用场景的性能优化与装备升级。

关键词: 全球导航卫星系统, 卫星导航对抗, 用户端抗干扰能力, 评估指标, 性能评估方法

Abstract:

Global navigation satellite system(GNSS)users are often located far away from satellites,making them vulnerable to intentional interference and deception.Ensuring the provision of high-precision navigation positioning,speed measurement,and timing information to GNSS users becomes a primary task in navigation warfare.To enhance the anti-jamming capability of user-ends and promote the development and maturity of their anti-jamming technologies,there is an urgent need for doing research on user-end anti-jamming performance evaluation.The existing studies have mostly focused on single-type indices or specific application scenario when researching user-end anti-jamming algorithms and analyzing their performance,resulting in insufficient research on related evaluation.Therefore,this study sets up typical application scenarios,such as single-antenna anti-jamming,array antenna anti-jamming,inertial navigation-assisted anti-jamming,and unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)anti-jamming,and establishes a user-end anti-jamming performance evaluation index system based on multi-application scenario.Furthermore,the method including availability(A),dependability(D)and capability(C)is introduced to improve the limitations of existing models,and a sub-item performance evaluation method for user-end anti-jamming is proposed.Finally,based on fuzzy comprehensive assessment approach and improved combination weighting method that enhances the existing weighted product models,a comprehensive capability assessment method for user-end anti-jamming is proposed.The experimental results show that compared with the existing models,the proposed method is used to realize the serial connection of multiple models in the application scenario,reduce the tracking threshold of receiver to less than 45° and the dynamic measurement error rate to less than 1,and increase the array gain to no more than 36 dB,thereby improving the accuracy of the performance evaluation of the measured equipment and its ability to resist jamming threats.It can effectively assist the upgrade and performance optimization of the equipment in multiple application scenarios.

Key words: global navigation satellite system, satellite navigation countermeasure, user-end anti-jamming ability, evaluation index, performance evaluation method

中图分类号:

王月, 孙付平. 基于典型应用场景的GNSS用户端抗干扰性能评估方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(4): 240075-.

WANG Yue, SUN Fuping. Evaluation Method of GNSS User-end Anti-jamming Performance Based on Typical Application Scenarios[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(4): 240075-.

图/表 20

图1 用户端抗干扰能力评估指标体系

Fig.1 User-end anti-jamming capability evaluation index system

图2 GNSS用户端抗干扰能力评估方法研究的技术路线

Fig.2 Technical Route of the research on evaluation method of GNSS user-end anti-jamming ability

表1 二级准则层包含指标C2,1~C2,12的理论阈值

Table 1 Theoretical thresholds for basic performance indexes C2,1 to C2,12 included in the secondary criterion layer

指标	阈值	权重	权重的等级	综合能力/%
C_2,1	0.652	0.72	2	32.980
C_2,2	0.701	0.66	3
C_2,3	0.824	0.85	1
C_2,4	0.908	0.92	1
C_2,5	0.382	0.59	3	33.193
C_2,6	0.382	0.59	3
C_2,7	0.382	0.59	3
C_2,8	0.382	0.59	3
C_2,9	0.382	0.59	3	33.827
C_2,10	0.264	0.53	3
C_2,11	0.921	0.93	1
C_2,12	0.838	0.91	1

表2 相对一级准则层C1的指标影响程度的评价等级划分

Table 2 Evaluation grade division of the influence degree of index on the first-level criterion layer C1

等级	意义	权重
1	很重要	[1.00,0.83)
2	较重要	[0.83,0.66)
3	重要	[0.66,0.50)
4	一般	[0.50,0.33)
5	意义较小	[0.33,0.16)
6	意义小	[0.16,0)
7	无效	0

表3 相对理论阈值的综合能力值的评价等级划分

Table 3 Evaluation grade division based on the comprehensive anti-jamming capability value relative to the theoretical threshold

等级	意义	权重
1	很强	[1.000,0.498)
2	较强	[0.498,0.396)
3	强	[0.396,0.300)
4	一般	[0.300,0.198)
5	较弱	[0.198,0.096)
6	很弱	[0.096,0)

图3 $E_{\mathrm{P}, k}$与$\theta_{i}^{k}$、$k_{\mathrm{sat}}$间关系仿真结果

Fig.3 Simulated results of the relationship between $E_{\mathrm{P}, k}$and$\theta_{i}^{k}$,$k_{\mathrm{sat}}$

图4 γ与uEIF关系仿真结果

Fig.4 Simulation results of the relationship between γ and uEIF

图5 γ与GSINR关系仿真结果

Fig.5 Simulated results of the relationship between γ and GSINR

图6 θi分别与uEIF与GSINR关系仿真结果

Fig.6 Simulated results of the relationship between θi with uEIF and GSINR, respectively

图7 Garray、JNR、SNR间关系仿真结果

Fig.7 Simulated results of the relationship among three variables Garray,JNR,and SNR

图8 不同JNR、SNR、θi下Narray与Garray关系仿真结果

Fig.8 Simulated results of the relationship between Narray and Garray for different JNR,SNR,and θi

图9 陀螺仪配置与故障检测能力关系仿真结果

Fig.9 Simulated results of the relationship between gyroscope configuration and fault detection capability

图10 面向不同用户的Edy、Elo与Esp间关系仿真结果

Fig.10 Simulated results of the relationship among variables Edy,Elo,and Esp for different GNSS users

图11 4种测试情形下变量σPLL、BPLL、C/N0间关系仿真结果

Fig.11 Simulated results of the relationship among three variables σPLL,BPLL,C/N0 under four test scenarios

图12 4种测试情形下变量σPR、C/N0、BDLL间关系仿真结果

Fig.12 Simulated results of the relationship aming three variables σPR,C/N0,BDLL under four test scenarios

表4 干扰机性能参数对比

Table 4 Comparison of jammer performance parameters

干扰机编号	干扰类型	干扰频率范围/MHz
1	生成式欺骗干扰	(1000,5000)
2	转发式欺骗干扰	(1000,5000)
3	多干扰源协同干扰	(1000,5000)
4	压制式宽带干扰	(5000,20000)
5	多脉冲干扰	(5000,20000)
6	压制式窄带干扰	(5000,20000)

图13 不同类型机载干扰机的AAJ、CEJ、REJ变量间关系仿真结果

Fig.13 Simulated results of the relationship among three variables AbilityAJ,CEJ,and REJ for six different types of airborne jammers

表5 阵列天线抗干扰性能评估结果

Table 5 Summary of evaluated results of array antenna anti-jamming performance

二级准则层	检测项目的名称	检测项目的属性	技术要求^[27]	评估结果
C_2,1公共性能	干信比临界值/dB	一定范围内单调递增	(30,60)	32.8
C_2,1公共性能	接收系统的灵敏度/dBm	一定范围内单调递减	[-155,-110]	-136
C_2,2特定性能 (系统ADC)	抗干扰改善因子	一定范围内单调递增	[0,1]	0.60
	输出信干噪比增益/dB	一定范围内单调递增	[0,50)	41.8
	阵列增益/dB	一定范围内单调递增	[-27,60)	32.7
	服务精度/m	单调递减	<100	17.11
	平均服务可用性/%	单调递增	≥98	98.01
	平均服务连续性/%	单调递增	≥ 85	86.27
C_2,3软件性能	故障检测统计量/m	单调递增	≤10	9.0
	软件化程度/s	单调递减	≤55	19.5
	软件冗余度	单调递增	≤1.4	0.9
C_2,4硬件性能	硬件冗余度	单调递增	≤1.5	0.78
	平均无故障时间/h	单调递增	≤0.80×10⁵	1.17×10⁴
	平均使用功耗/kW	单调递减	≤4	0.75
E₁综合能力	理论阈值/%	单调递增	≤32.980	10.630
E₁综合能力	相对理论阈值的比值	越接近1越好	≤1,≤6	0.322

表6 惯导辅助抗干扰性能评估结果

Table 6 Summary of evaluated results of INS-assisted anti-jamming performance

二级准则层	检测项目的名称	检测项目的属性	技术要求^[27]	评估结果
C_2,5公共性能	干信比临界值/dB	一定范围内单调递增	(30,60)	42.1
C_2,5公共性能	接收系统的灵敏度/dBm	一定范围内单调递减	[-155,-110]	-126
C_2,6特定性能 (系统ADC)	动态测量误差率	一定范围内单调递增	[0,1]	9.81
	平均可靠性贡献 $R T i, k$	单调递增	≥0	0.48
	相邻时间的贡献增幅 ΔR	一定范围内单调递增	[0,1/3]	0.50
	可信覆盖率/%	一定范围内单调递增	[0,100]	53.19
	载波相位跟踪误差/°	单调递减	≥15	64
	伪码测距精度/m	单调递减	≥5	82
C_2,7软件性能	软件化程度/s	单调递减	≤55	24.5
	软件冗余度	单调递增	≤1.4	1.3
	应用程序质量估计/%	单调递增	≤100	73.9
C_2,8硬件性能	硬件冗余度	单调递增	≤1.5	0.72
	平均无故障时间/h	单调递增	≤0.80×10⁵ h	1.21E+04
	平均使用功耗/kW	单调递减	≤4	0.30
E₂综合能力	理论阈值/%	单调递增	≤33.193	9.923
E₂综合能力	相对理论阈值的比值	越接近1越好	≤1,≤6	0.301

表6 惯导辅助抗干扰性能评估结果

Table 6 Summary of evaluated results of INS-assisted anti-jamming performance

二级准则层	检测项目的名称	检测项目的属性	技术要求^[27]	评估结果
C_2,5公共性能	干信比临界值/dB	一定范围内单调递增	(30,60)	42.1
C_2,5公共性能	接收系统的灵敏度/dBm	一定范围内单调递减	[-155,-110]	-126
C_2,6特定性能 (系统ADC)	动态测量误差率	一定范围内单调递增	[0,1]	9.81
	平均可靠性贡献 $R T i, k$	单调递增	≥0	0.48
	相邻时间的贡献增幅 ΔR	一定范围内单调递增	[0,1/3]	0.50
	可信覆盖率/%	一定范围内单调递增	[0,100]	53.19
	载波相位跟踪误差/°	单调递减	≥15	64
	伪码测距精度/m	单调递减	≥5	82
C_2,7软件性能	软件化程度/s	单调递减	≤55	24.5
	软件冗余度	单调递增	≤1.4	1.3
	应用程序质量估计/%	单调递增	≤100	73.9
C_2,8硬件性能	硬件冗余度	单调递增	≤1.5	0.72
	平均无故障时间/h	单调递增	≤0.80×10⁵ h	1.21E+04
	平均使用功耗/kW	单调递减	≤4	0.30
E₂综合能力	理论阈值/%	单调递增	≤33.193	9.923
E₂综合能力	相对理论阈值的比值	越接近1越好	≤1,≤6	0.301

表7 应用系统防护性能评估结果

Table 7 Summary of evaluated results of Application system protection performance

二级准则层	检测项目的名称	检测项目的属性	技术要求^[27]	评估结果
C_2,9公共性能	干信比临界值/dB	一定范围内单调递增	(30,60)	42.4
C_2,9公共性能	接收系统的灵敏度/dBm	一定范围内单调递减	[-155,-110]	-146
C_2,10特定性能 (系统ADC)	应用系统的可用度/%	单调递增	≤100	72.84
	应用系统的可信度/%	单调递增	≤100	80.81
	先机发射概率/%	单调递增	≤92	89.69
	毁伤概率/%	单调递增	≤100	74.91
	突防概率/%	一定范围内单调递增	[64,100)	68.553
	抗干扰优势值	一定范围内单调递增	(0.74,1]	78.65
C_2,11软件性能	软件化程度/s	单调递减	≤55	18.5
	软件冗余度	单调递增	≤1.4	0.7
	应用程序质量估计/%	单调递增	≤ 100	92.1
C_2,12硬件性能	硬件冗余度	单调递增	≤1.5	0.80
	平均无故障时间/h	单调递增	≤0.80×10⁵ h	0.35E+04
	平均使用功耗/kW	单调递减	≤4	1.01
E₃综合能力	理论阈值/%	单调递增	≤33.827	11.007
E₃综合能力	相对理论阈值的比值	越接近1越好	≤1,≤6	0.325

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