Al/PTFE/TiH2三元活性材料与RDX组合装药的爆炸释能特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1211

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究活性材料与炸药组合装药的爆轰特性,制备一种Al/PTFE/TiH₂三元活性材料与RDX炸药的组合装药。利用空中爆炸实验并结合比色测温技术,研究TiH₂粉末含量对组合装药爆轰性能及后燃效应的影响。研究结果表明:随着TiH₂粉末含量的增加,组合装药的冲击波参数、爆炸火球持续时间以及最高平均温度皆呈先上升、后下降的趋势,且均在TiH₂粉末含量为10%时达到最大值,相较于不含TiH₂粉末的组合装药,其冲击波峰值压力、爆炸火球持续时间以及最高平均温度分别提升了21.6%、105.9%和7.1%;通过对比TiH₂粉末和Ti粉末对组合装药爆炸释能特性的影响,发现由于游离氢参与后燃反应,使得TiH₂粉末对组合装药爆炸冲击波参数和爆炸火球温度场的增益效应优于Ti粉末;研究成果可为Al/PTFE/TiH₂三元活性材料在组合装药中的应用设计及武器毁伤评估提供参考。

关键词: 活性材料, 组合装药, 空中爆炸, 后燃效应, 比色测温

Abstract:

To investigate the detonation characteristics of composite charges containing the reactive materials and explosives,a composite charge containing Al/PTFE/TiH₂ ternary reactive materials and RDX explosives is prepared.The influences of TiH₂ powder content on detonation performance and afterburning effect are systematically studied by the air blast experiment and the colorimetric temperature measurement technology.The experimental results show that the shock wave parameters,explosion fireball duration and maximum average temperature of the composite charges increase first and then decrease with the increase in TiH₂ powder content,reaching the maximum values when the content of TiH₂ powders is 10%.Compared with the composite charge without TiH₂ powders,the shock wave peak pressure,explosion fireball duration and maximum average temperature of composite charges containing 10% of TiH₂ powders are increased by 21.6%,105.9% and 7.1%,respectively.Furthermore,the effects of TiH₂ and Ti powders on the explosion energy release characteristics of composite charges are compared.It is found that the enhancement effects of TiH₂ powders on the explosion shock wave parameters and fireball temperature field of the composite charge are superior to those of Ti powders due to the participation of free hydrogen in the afterburning reaction.The research results can provide valuable references for the application design of Al/PTFE/TiH₂ ternary reactive materials for composite charges as well as the weapon damage assessment.

Key words: reactive material, composite charge, air blast, afterburning effect, colorimetric temperature measurement

中图分类号:

O381

李丹一, 程扬帆, 李翔, 王浩, 赵长啸, 沈兆武. Al/PTFE/TiH₂三元活性材料与RDX组合装药的爆炸释能特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(1): 231211-.

LI Danyi, CHENG Yangfan, LI Xiang, WANG Hao, ZHAO Changxiao, SHEN Zhaowu. Explosion Energy Release Characteristics of Composite Charge Containing Al/PTFE/TiH₂ Ternary Reactive Materials and RDX[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(1): 231211-.

图/表 17

图1 实验材料粒径分布

Fig.1 Particle size distribution of experimental powders

图2 实验材料扫描电镜图

Fig.2 SEM images of experimental materials

表1 组合装药中的活性材料配方

Table 1 Formulations of reactive materials in composite charge samples

样品编号	质量分数/%			活性材料理论密度/(g·cm^-3)
样品编号	Al/PTFE	TiH₂	Ti	活性材料理论密度/(g·cm^-3)
A1	100	0	0	2.31
A2	95	5	0	2.36
A3	90	10	0	2.41
A4	85	15	0	2.46
A5	80	20	0	2.52
B	90	0	10	2.43

图3 实验样品

Fig.3 Experimental samples

图4 空中爆炸实验系统示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of air blast experimental system

图5 钨丝灯标定实验

Fig.5 Tungsten lamp calibration experiment

图6 组合装药样品A1爆炸火球传播过程

Fig.6 Explosion fireball propagation of composite charge Sample A1

图7 组合装药样品A3爆炸火球传播过程

Fig.7 Explosion fireball propagation of composite charge Sample A3

图8 组合装药样品反应机理

Fig.8 Reaction mechanism of composite charge sample

图9 添加不同含量TiH2粉末的组合装药爆炸火球持续时间

Fig.9 Explosion fireball duration of composite charges with different contents of TiH2 powders

图10 组合装药样品A1瞬态爆炸温度场

Fig.10 Transient explosion temperature field of composite charge Sample A1

图11 组合装药样品A3瞬态爆炸温度场

Fig.11 Transient explosion temperature field of composite charge Sample A3

图12 添加不同含量TiH2粉末的组合装药爆炸平均温度-时间曲线

Fig.12 Average explosion temperature-time curves of composite charges with different contents of TiH2 powders

图13 添加不同含量TiH2粉末的组合装药爆炸最高平均温度

Fig.13 Maximum average explosion temperatures of composite charges with different contents of TiH2 powders

图14 添加不同含量TiH2粉末的组合装药空中爆炸压力时程曲线

Fig.14 Pressure-time curves of composite charges with different contents of TiH2 powders in air blast experiment

图15 添加不同含量TiH2粉末的组合装药空中爆炸冲击波参数

Fig.15 Shock wave parameters of composite charges with different contents of TiH2 powders in air blast experiment

图16 不同组合装药的爆炸特性参数

Fig.16 Explosion characteristic parameters of different composite charges

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Al/PTFE/TiH₂三元活性材料与RDX组合装药的爆炸释能特性

Explosion Energy Release Characteristics of Composite Charge Containing Al/PTFE/TiH₂ Ternary Reactive Materials and RDX

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