基于S-ALE数值水池的水陆两栖飞机滑行水动响应

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0289

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水陆两栖飞机在水面滑行过程中会不可避免地会遭受波浪等复杂海况的水动冲击,严重时可能引起机身结构变形破坏,对机体及机乘人员的安全造成威胁。以国产大型水陆两栖飞机为研究对象,采用结构化任意拉格朗日-欧拉(Structured-Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian,S-ALE)方法,研究水陆两栖飞机在波浪水面滑行过程中的水动响应问题。建立基于S-ALE和罚函数接触算法的流固耦合模拟方法,采用仿物理推板式造波模式与质量阻尼消波法模拟生成数值波浪水池,分别对平静水面和波浪水面滑行过程中的飞机水动特性和耐波性进行研究。研究结果表明:S-ALE方法可以有效地模拟水陆两栖飞机在水面滑行的动响应过程;波高1.2m下飞机以19.4m/s速度稳定滑行时姿态角为7°,对应的谐振波长为机身长度的2~3倍,谐振波长下飞机姿态变化幅度和升沉运动的剧烈程度会显著高于其他波长;飞机机身与波长比值为1、波高为1.8m时垂向过载不断变大,1.2m波高环境下逐渐收敛,波高的变化对纵摇和质心位置升沉规律影响不大。

关键词: 水陆两栖飞机, 数值造波, 结构化任意欧拉-拉格朗日方法, 耐波性, 流固耦合

Abstract:

Amphibious aircraft inevitably suffers from the hydrodynamic impact of waves and other complex sea conditions during taxiing on the water surface, and in serious cases, the fuselage structure may be deformed and destroyed, which threatens the safety of airframe and aircrew. The structured arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (S-ALE) method is used to investigate the hydrodynamic response of amphibious aircraft during taxiing on a wavy water surface by taking a domestic large-scale amphibious aircraft as the research object. A coupled fluid-structure simulation method based on S-ALE and penalty function contact algorithm is established, and a numerical wave pool is generated and simulated by using the physically imitated push-plate wave-making mode and the mass-damped wave dissipation method, and the hydrodynamic characteristics and wave resistance of the aircraft during taxiing on calm and wavy surfaces are investigated, respectively. The results show that the S-ALE method can effectively simulate the dynamic response of amphibious aircraft taxiing on water surface; the attitude angle of aircraft taxiing at a steady speed of 19.4m/s under a wave height of 1.2m is 7°, and the corresponding resonance wavelength is two or three times of the fuselage length. When the ratio of the airplane fuselage to the wavelength is 1, the vertical overload becomes bigger and bigger under the environment of 1.8m wave height, and will gradually converges under the wave height of 1.2 m. While the changes of the wave height have no obvious effect on the pitch and heave of the aircraft.

Key words: amphibious aircraft, numerical wave-making, structured-arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian, seakeeping, fluid-structure coupling

中图分类号:

V271.5

魏佳庆, 彭相富, 吴彬, 江婷, 王明振, 杨扬. 基于S-ALE数值水池的水陆两栖飞机滑行水动响应[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(5): 240289-.

WEI Jiaqing, PENG Xiangfu, WU Bin, JIANG Ting, WANG Mingzhen, YANG Yang. Hydrodynamic Response of Amphibious Aircraft Taxiing Based on S-ALE Numerical Pooling[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(5): 240289-.

图/表 33

图1 水陆两栖飞机水面滑行过程受力示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the force on amphibious aircraft during surface taxiing

图2 楔形体入水数值模型示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of numerical model of wedge water-entry

表1 不同算法所占资源和计算耗时对比

Table 1 Comparison of resources and computing time consumed by different algorithms

方法	K文件尺寸/MB	计算时占用内存/MB	计算耗时/ min
S-ALE方法	1.3	118	74
ALE方法	109	489	129

表2 数值模型参数

Table 2 Numerical model parameters

参数	水域	空气域	楔形体
网格类型	八节点立方体	八节点立方体	四节点壳单元
平均尺寸/m	0.05	0.05	0.02
单元数	14400	144000	8634
单元数共计	167034

图3 不同方法垂向速度计算结果对比

Fig.3 Calculated results of different methods

图4 流体渗漏控制效果对比

Fig.4 Comparison chart of fluid leakage control effects

图5 阻尼消波计算效果图

Fig.5 Calculation effect of damping wave dissipation

图6 数值水池示意图

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of numerical pool

图7 波浪产生与传递过程

Fig.7 Wave generation and transmission processes

图8 t=25s时刻波浪数据采集点

Fig.8 Wave data collection points(t=25s)

表3 t=25s时刻波浪数据对比

Table 3 Wave data(t=25s)

测量点	计算波高/m	理论波高/m	计算波长/m	理论波长/m	波高误差/%	波长误差/%
1	0.588	0.56	6.5	5.8	5.0	12
2	0.575	0.56	6.3	5.8	2.6	8.62
3	0.559	0.56	6.0	5.8	0.1	3.34
4	0.535	0.56	5.8	5.8	4.4	0
5	0.525	0.56	5.7	5.8	6.25	1.7

图9 三维数值水池模型

Fig.9 3D numerical pool model

表4 3种周期下的造波工况

Table 4 Wave-making conditions in three cycles

推板周期/s	冲程/ mm	波高理论计算值/mm	波高试验值/mm	波高数值计算值/mm
	50	88	76	79
1.4	100	176	152	158
	150	264	225	223
	100	120	102	103
2.0	150	180	161	175
	200	240	215	220
	200	152	149	148
3.0	250	190	181	179
	300	228	223	221

图10 三维数值水池造波结果

Fig.10 Wavemaking results of 3D numerical pool

图11 不同工况下造波结果对比

Fig.11 Comparison chart of wave-making results under different working conditions

图12 某型水陆两栖飞机网格划分

Fig.12 Grid division of an amphibious aircraft

图13 简化后的飞机气动力

Fig.13 Simplified aircraft aerodynamics

表5 飞机水面滑行阶段初始条件

Table 5 Initial conditions for the taxiing phase of aircraft

飞机质量/ t	滑行速度/ (m·s^-1)	气动升力/ N	气动力矩/ (N·m)
50	19.4	265599.87	-365181

表6 波浪工况设置

Table 6 Wave condition setting

工况编号	有效波高/m	有效波长/m	与机身长度的比值
1	1.2	17	0.5
2	1.2	35	1
3	1.2	72	2
4	1.2	108	3
5	1.2	144	4
6	1.8	35	1

图14 飞机在静水面的自动平衡

Fig.14 Self-balancing of aircraft on still water

图15 水陆两栖飞机平静水面滑行姿态数据

Fig.15 Taxiing attitude data of amphibious aircraft on still water surface

图16 t=1.6s时刻添加气动力和水平速度

Fig.16 Aerodynamic force and horizontal velocity applied for t=1.6s

图17 工况2情况下滑行过程

Fig.17 Taxiing process under Condition 2

图18 工况2情况下飞机动力特征参数变化过程

Fig.18 The change process of aircraft dynamic characteristic parameters under Condition 2

图19 不同波长情况下飞机姿态角变化

Fig.19 Change process of aircraft attitude angle under different wavelengths

表7 飞机姿态角具体数据

Table 7 Aircraft attitude angle specific data

工况	最大姿态角/ (°)	最小姿态角/ (°)	变化幅度/ (°)	纵摇频率/ Hz
1	6.97	6.44	0.53	1.428
2	7.31	5.66	1.65	0.769
3	9.56	1.43	8.13	0.384
4	8.42	3.06	5.36	0.270
5	8.03	5.03	3.00	0.277

图20 姿态角响应特性

Fig.20 Attitude angle response characteristics

图21 不同波高情况下飞机姿态角变化

Fig.21 Change process of aircraft attitude angle under different wave heights

图22 质心处垂向升沉位置变化

Fig.22 Changing curves of vertical lifting and sinking positions at the center of mass

图23 不同波高下垂向位置变化

Fig.23 Variation of vertical position at different wave heights

图24 质心处垂向加速度变化

Fig.24 The course of vertical acceleration at the centre of mass

图25 质心处垂向加速度响应特性

Fig.25 Vertical acceleration response characteristics at the center of mass

图26 不同波高下垂向加速度变化

Fig.26 Variation of vertical acceleration at different wave heights

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