基于MPC的电动复合增压柴油机进气压力控制

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0694

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

涡轮增压技术是提高发动机动力性和经济性的主要途径之一,而传统废气涡轮增压在低速区间存在滞后性。电动增压技术能有效弥补涡轮增压技术不足,但增加了控制自由度,电复合增压控制策略是保证其性能的关键,为此提出一种基于模型预测控制(Model Predictive Control,MPC)的电复合柴油机进气控制策略。基于电动增压器数学物理方程,建立了离散预测控制模型和涡轮增压状态观测器与流量观测器;通过联合仿真平台,对控制策略和控制参数进行标定验证;对比不同工况下MPC与传统PID控制效果以及抗电源电压扰动能力。研究结果表明:基于所设计的观测器,控制算法能在不加装额外涡轮转速传感器的前提下,实现对进气压力的有效控制,最大稳态误差≤1%;能有效自适应正常工况下废气涡轮增压器的响应特性,提高低速响应,起步工况下5.2s内达到目标进气压比;与传统PID控制算法相比,具有更好抗干扰性和控制精度,动态误差降低42%。

关键词: 电动复合增压, 进气控制, 模型预测控制, 柴油机控制

Abstract:

Turbocharging technology is one of the main ways to improve the power performance and economy of engine, while traditional exhaust gas turbocharging has hysteresis, especially in the low-speed range of high-power density diesel engines. As an auxiliary and optimization of exhaust gas turbocharging technology, the electric supercharging technology can effectively make up for the shortcomings of turbocharging technology. However, due to the increased degree of control freedom of the electric supercharger, the coordinated control of electric composite supercharging system becomes the key to guaranteeing its performance. In this paper, an electric composite diesel engine intake control strategy based on model predictive control (MPC) is proposed. Firstly, a discrete predictive control model and an exhaust gas turbine observer and flow observer are established based on the mathematical and physical equations of electric supercharger, and then the control strategy and control parameters are verified and calibrated through a co-simulation platform,. Finally, the effects of MPC and traditional PID control under different working conditions as well as the ability to resist power supply voltage disturbance are compared. The results show that the control algorithm based on the observers can realize the coordinated control of the electric composite supercharging system, with maximum steady-state error less than or equal to 1%, without adding turbine speed sensors. It can improve the low-speed response, reduce the transient lag and reach the target inlet pressure ratio within 5.2s, as adapting the response characteristics of exhaust gas turbine under different normal operating conditions. Compared with the traditional PID control algorithm, it has better anti-interference and control accuracy, improving 42% dynamic error.

Key words: electric compound supercharging, air intake control, model predictive control, diesel engine control

中图分类号:

TK421

王天翔, 崔涛, 张付军, 赵彦凯. 基于MPC的电动复合增压柴油机进气压力控制[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(10): 3642-3653.

WANG Tianxiang, CUI Tao, ZHANG Fujun, ZHAO Yankai. MPC-based Intake Pressure Control of Electric Compound Supercharged Diesel Engine[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(10): 3642-3653.

图/表 19

图1 电动增压器结构

Fig.1 Construction of electric supercharger

图2 电动增压器参数示意

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of electric supercharger parameters

图3 k时刻计算逻辑框图

Fig.3 k moment calculation logic diagram

图4 MPC策略整体架构

Fig.4 Overall structure of MPC strategy

表1 柴油机与电机部分参数

Table 1 Partial parameters of diesel engine

参数	数值
柴油机压缩比	16.5
柴油机气缸排列	V型
柴油机缸数	6
柴油机缸径/mm	132
电机额定转速/(r·min^-1)	40000
电机额定扭矩/(N·m)	1.8
电机额定功率/kW	7.5
电机最大功率/kW	12

图5 不同工况下模型校核结果

Fig.5 Verificated results of model under different working conditions

图6 预测模型验证

Fig.6 Predictive model validation

图7 发动机目标转速1200r/min带载起步工况

Fig.7 Target engine speed of 1200r/min under starting condition with load

图8 发动机目标转速1500r/min带载起步工况

Fig.8 Target engine speed of 1500r/min under starting condition with load

图9 1500r/min预测结果对比

Fig.9 1500r/min predicted results

图10 1200r/min变负载工况验证

Fig.10 1200r/min variable load condition verification

图11 1200N·m变发动机转速工况验证

Fig.11 Speed condition verification of 1200N·m variable engine

图12 1200r/min变负载工况

Fig.12 1200r/min variable load condition

图13 1200N·m变目标转速工况

Fig.13 1200N·m variable engine speeds

图14 典型测试工况对比结果

Fig.14 Comparison results of typical test conditions

图15 不同扰动下PID控制效果

Fig.15 PID control effect under different disturbances

图16 不同扰动下MPC效果

Fig.16 MPC effect under different disturbances

图17 0.5s扰动下PID控制输出目标转速

Fig.17 PID control output target speed under 0.5s disturbance

图18 0.5s扰动下MPC输出目标转速

Fig.18 MPC output target speed under 0.5s disturbance

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