尾部形状对超空泡射弹尾拍运动影响的数值研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0689

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

尾拍运动是超空泡射弹保持水中稳定运动的主要方式。为研究尾部形状对超空泡射弹尾拍运动特性的影响,基于有限体积法和Mixture多相流模型,结合动网格技术构建三维自由尾拍运动仿真模型,比较圆柱弹、尾锥弹、尾翼弹和尾裙弹的尾拍运动特性,分析了在不同初始扰动角速度情况下射弹的固有运动状态特性。研究结果表明:射弹尾拍时,尾部形状会影响尾部沾湿面和尾部沾湿产生的空泡,尾部沾湿表面面积越大或沾湿表面与射弹航行速度方向夹角越大,同攻角下射弹所受的力矩越大,尾拍频率越高,速度衰减越快,在不失稳的情况下,射弹的速度衰减快慢为尾裙弹>圆柱弹>尾锥弹>尾翼弹;4种射弹都存在与射弹的几何形状有关,而与初始扰动角速度无关的固有尾拍运动状态,此状态下射弹尾拍角速度振荡峰值随速度的衰减正比例减小。

关键词: 超空泡射弹, 尾拍运动, 数值模拟, 尾部结构, 多相流

Abstract:

Tail-slap motion is vital for maintaining stable navigation of supercavitating projectiles. To study the influence of the tail shape on the motion characteristics of a supercavitating projectile during tail-slap navigation, a three-dimensional free tail-slap motion simulation model is constructed using the finite volume method and Mixture multiphase flow model, as well as dynamic mesh technology. The tail-slap motion characteristics of the four projectiles with different tail shapes(i.e., cylindrical tail projectile, cone tail projectile, fin-stabilized projectile and flare-stabilized projectile) are compared, and the intrinsic motion state characteristics of the projectiles are analyzed with different initial angular velocities. The results show that the tail shape affects the wetting area and the shape of the cavitation it produces. Larger wet surface areas or larger angles between wet surface and projectile velocity direction lead to increased torque and tail beat frequency, along with slower velocity attenuation.Steady navigation velocity attenuation ranking is fin-stabilized > cone tail > cylindrical tail > flare-stabilized projectile. All the four projectiles exhibit an“inherent tail motion state” related to their geometry, independent of initial disturbance angular velocity. In this state, the peak value of angular velocity oscillation decreases with the velocity proportionally.

Key words: supercavitating projectile, tail-slap, numerical simulation, tail shape, multiphase flow

中图分类号:

O351

刘如石, 郭则庆, 张辉. 尾部形状对超空泡射弹尾拍运动影响的数值研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(10): 2984-2994.

LIU Rushi, GUO Zeqing, ZHANG Hui. Numerical Investigation of Tail Shape Effects on the Tail-slap of Supercavitating Projectiles[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(10): 2984-2994.

图/表 20

图1 仿真空泡与试验空泡对比

Fig.1 Comparison of simulated cavity and experimental cavity

图2 仿真数据与试验数据对比

Fig.2 Comparison of simulated data and experimental data

图3 射弹模型

Fig.3 Projectile models

表1 射弹主要参数

Table 1 Main projectile parameters

名称	数值
射弹质量/kg	0.13
转动惯量/(kg·m²)	3.29×10^-4
质心位置(距弹头)/m	0.0787
空化器直径/m	0.004
前锥段长/m	0.0654
弹长/m	0.2
射弹直径/m	0.012

图4 计算域及边界条件示意图

Fig.4 Computational domain and boundary conditions

图5 网格划分

Fig.5 Meshing of computational domain

图6 网格无关性验证

Fig.6 Grid independence verification

图7 3种尾拍阶段下的空泡形态及表面压力云图对比

Fig.7 Comparison of cavitation shape and surface pressure in three tail-slap stages

图8 3种尾拍运动状态下的受力分析

Fig.8 Force analysis under the three stages of tail-slap

图9 力矩随攻角变化

Fig.9 Torque variation with angle of attack

图10 力矩系数对比

Fig.10 Comparison of torque coefficients

图11 阻力系数对比

Fig.11 Comparison of drag coefficients

图12 升力系数对比

Fig.12 Comparison of lift coefficient

图13 攻角变化对比

Fig.13 Comparison of angle of attack

图14 经验公式与数值计算得到射弹尾部空泡半径随速度的变化对比

Fig.14 Variation of the radius of cavitation at the tail of projectile with velocity calculated by empirical formula and numerical simulation

图15 角速度变化对比

Fig.15 Comparison of angular velocities

图16 尾拍频率变化对比

Fig.16 Comparison of tail-slap frequencies

图17 速度衰减曲线

Fig.17 Velocity attenuation curves

图18 不同初始角速度下角速度随速度的变化

Fig.18 Variation of angular velocity with velocity under different initial angular velocities

图19 尾拍稳定后角速度振荡上包络线

Fig.19 Upper envelope of angular velocity oscillation after the tail is stabilized

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