枪管用环保镀层摩擦行为研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0695

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统枪管内膛表面采用的六价铬镀层,高温耐磨性好,但对环境污染严重。为开发环保镀层,采用超景深三维显微镜、扫描电子显微镜表征了室温和高温(400℃)摩擦磨损试样,对比分析了六价铬、三价铬、钴-镍和镍-钨四种电镀层的磨损特征。研究结果表明:在500℃定性回火后,三价铬、镍-钨、六价铬和钴-镍镀层硬度依次递减,与六价铬层相比,三价铬层脆性大,镍-钨和钴-镍镀层韧性高;室温下与H62黄铜对摩后,六价铬和三价铬镀层摩擦程度较轻,钴-镍和镍-钨镀层呈现明显粘着特征,二者摩擦系数高于两种铬层;400℃下与08Al钢对摩后,六价铬呈粘着磨损特征,摩擦程度较大;三价铬层摩擦系数相对较高;镍-钨镀层呈磨粒磨损特征,摩擦系数与六价铬接近,摩擦程度相对较轻。

关键词: 枪管, 电镀层, 磨损, 摩擦系数, 高温摩擦

Abstract:

The hexavalent chromium plating used on the bore surface of conventional barrel has good high-temperature wear resistance, but it brings a serious environmental pollution. In order to develop an environmentally friendly plating, the wear characteristics of four plating layers, i.e., hexavalent chromium, trivalent chromium, cobalt-nickel and nickel-tungsten, are compared and analyzed by characterizing the worn specimens at room temperature and high temperature (400℃) using ultra-deep field 3D microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results show that the hardnesses of trivalent chromium, nickel-tungsten, hexavalent chromium and cobalt-nickel plating layers decrease in descending order after qualitative tempering at 500℃, and the trivalent chromium plating layer is more brittle and the nickel-tungsten and cobalt-nickel plating layers are more ductile compared with the hexavalent chromium plating layer. After friction with H62 brass at room temperature, the hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromium plating layers show light friction, while the cobalt-nickel and nickel-tungsten plating players show obvious adhesion characteristics, and their friction coefficients are higher than those of the two chromium layers. After friction with 08Al steel at 400℃, the hexavalent chromium plating layer shows adhesive wear characteristics and high friction, the friction coefficient of trivalent chromium plating layer is relatively high, while the nickel-tungsten plating layer shows abrasive wear characteristics, its friction coefficient is close to that of hexavalent chromium plating layer, and its friction was relatively light.

Key words: gun barrel, plating layer, wear, friction coefficient, high temperature friction

中图分类号:

徐京, 胡春东, 陆恒昌, 邓亚辉, 薛钧, 韦习成, 董瀚. 枪管用环保镀层摩擦行为研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(2): 651-661.

XU Jing, HU Chundong, LU Hengchang, DENG Yahui, XUE Jun, WEI Xicheng, DONG Han. Research on Friction Behavior of Environmentally Friendly Plating for Gun Barrels[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(2): 651-661.

图/表 16

图1 不同温度保温后镀层硬度

Fig.1 Plating hardnesses after holding at different temperatures

图2 500℃保温后镀层截面维氏硬度压痕形貌

Fig.2 Vickers hardness indentation morphology of plating cross-section after holding at 500℃

图3 镀层室温摩擦系数

Fig.3 Friction coefficient of plating at room temperature

表1 稳定磨损阶段室温摩擦系数平均值

Table 1 Average value of friction coefficient at room temperature during stable wear stage

镀层	摩擦系数
六价铬	0.44
三价铬	0.58
钴-镍	0.71
镍-钨	0.76

图4 室温磨损表面形貌

Fig.4 Abrasion morphology at room temperature

图5 六价铬镀层室温磨损SEM形貌与EDS能谱

Fig.5 Abrasion SEM morphology and EDS energy spectrum of hexavalent Cr plating at room temperature

图6 三价铬镀层室温磨损SEM形貌与EDS能谱

Fig.6 Abrasion SEM morphology and EDS energy spectrum of trivalent Cr plating at room temperature

图7 钴-镍镀层室温磨损SEM形貌与EDS能谱

Fig.7 Abrasion SEM morphology and EDS energy spectrum of Co-Ni plating at room temperature

图8 镍-钨镀层室温磨损SEM形貌与EDS能谱

Fig.8 Abrasion SEM morphology and EDS energy spectrum of Ni-W plating at room temperature

图9 镀层400℃摩擦系数

Fig.9 Friction coefficient of plating at 400℃

表2 稳定磨损阶段高温摩擦系数平均值

Table 2 Average value of friction coefficient at high temperature during stable wear stage

镀层	摩擦系数
六价铬	0.57
三价铬	0.89
镍-钨	0.56

表3 08Al钢销试样磨损前后质量变化

Table 3 Mass variation of 08Al steel pin samples before and after wear

镀层	质量变化/g
六价铬	-0.0065
三价铬	-0.0009
镍-钨	0.0008

图10 高温磨损表面形貌

Fig.10 Abrasion morphology at high temperature

图11 六价铬镀层高温磨损SEM形貌与EDS能谱

Fig.11 Abrasion SEM morphology and EDS energy spectrum of hexavalent Cr plating at high temperature

图12 三价铬镀层高温磨损SEM形貌与EDS能谱

Fig.12 Abrasion SEM morphology and EDS energy spectrum of trivalent Cr plating at high temperature

图13 镍-钨镀层高温磨损SEM形貌与EDS能谱

Fig.13 Abrasion SEM morphology and EDS energy spectrum of Ni-W plating at high temperature

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