车用燃气轮机极寒高原环境起动与工作优势分析

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0044

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对装甲车辆柴油机动力在极寒高原地区使用中所暴露的诸多问题,如起动时间长、功率下降、易过热、冒黑烟、易拉缸等,依据柴油机和燃气轮机不同的结构和工作机理,通过对两种动力的低温起动影响因素和高原工作过程进行详细对比分析,阐明了车用燃气轮机低温直接起动与高原稳定工作的优势所在,为利用燃气轮机动力来改善装甲车辆高原高寒适应性提供了依据。

关键词: 车辆, 燃气轮机, 极寒, 高原, 起动

Abstract:

In extremely cold plateau environment, diesel engines used in the armored vehicles will encounter many problems such as long starting time, power reduction, overheating, smoking, and cylinder scratching,. According to the differences in structure and working mechanism between diesel engine and gas turbine, the influencing factors on low-temperature starting and operating process at different altitudes were compared and analyzed in detail between the two types of engines, clarifing the advantages of vehicular gas turbine ing direct cold start and stable operation on plateau. This study provides technical approaches to improve the performance of armored vehicle in cold plateau environment.

Key words: vehicle, gas turbine, extremely cold, plateau, starting

中图分类号:

TK477

邢俊文, 张更云, 姚新民, 李军, 乔新勇. 车用燃气轮机极寒高原环境起动与工作优势分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(1): 214-221.

XING Junwen, ZHANG Gengyun, YAO Xinmin, LI Jun, QIAO Xinyong. Analysis of Starting and Operating Advantages of Vehicular Gas Turbine in Extremely Cold Plateau Environment[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(1): 214-221.

图/表 6

图1 燃油自燃温度范围

Fig.1 Autoignition temperature range of fuel

图2 燃机熄火特性关系图

Fig.2 Boundary conditions of gas turbine flameout

表1 大气压、空气密度和海拔高度的关系[14]

Table 1 Relationship between atmospheric pressure/density and altitude[14]

海拔高度/m	相对大气压	相对空气密度
0	1.000	1.000
1000	0.881	0.903
2000	0.774	0.813
3000	0.677	0.730
4000	0.591	0.653
5000	0.514	0.583

表2 大气温度、水沸点和海拔高度的关系[14]

Table 2 Relationship between atmospheric temperature/boiling point of water and altitude[14]

海拔高度/m	大气温度/℃	水沸点/℃
0	15	100
1000	8.5	97.5
2000	2.0	95.5
3000	-4.5	90.5
4000	-11.0	87.0
5000	-17.5	84.0

图3 某柴油机计算高度特性[16]

Fig.3 Relationship between calculated power and altitude for a diesel engine[16]

图4 某涡轴燃气轮机高度特性

Fig.4 Relationship between power and altitude for a turboshaft engine

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