智能无人车辆混合储能系统选配与参数优化

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.1074

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

面对迅猛发展的智能无人车辆及其多任务载荷用电和复杂行驶工况的大功率充放电性能要求,需要新型的储能系统方案来解决现有单一类型储能系统难以适应的问题。基于无人车辆动力性、静音里程等功率与能量性能约束,提出一种以轻量化为目标的混合储能系统(HESS)参数匹配优化方法,以实现储能系统输入输出能力与系统质量的平衡。根据无人车辆对储能系统的基本要求与不同拓扑结构特点,选配最优构型方案;基于车辆性能指标要求进行储能系统匹配计算,优化系统参数,以充分发挥HESS优势。研究结果表明:HESS能够有效减小动力电池大电流的冲击,延长电池使用寿命;新的优化方法可以有效降低能源系统的质量,提升车辆综合性能。

关键词: 智能无人车辆, 混合储能系统, 拓扑结构, 参数匹配优化

Abstract:

The rapid development of intelligent unmanned vehicles and their power demands for multi-task loads, along with high-power charging and discharging requirements under complex driving conditions, call for new energy storage system schemes that address the shortcomings of existing single-type energy storage systems. Based on the performance constraints of intelligent unmanned vehicle, such as power performance and silent mileage, a parameter matching optimization method for hybrid energy storage system (HESS) with a focus on lightweight design is proposed to achieve a balance between the input and output capacity of the energy storage system and the overall system quality. By analyzing the basic requirements of unmanned vehicles for energy storage system and the characteristics of different topological structures, the optimal configuration is selected. Based on the requirements of vehicle performance indicators, the energy storage system matching calculation is carried out, and the system parameters are optimized to give full play to the advantages of the hybrid system. The results show that HESS can effectively reduce the high current impact of the power battery and prolong its service life. Meanwhile, the optimization method can effectively reduce the weight of the energy system and improve the comprehensive performance of the vehicle.

Key words: intelligent unmanned vehicle, hybrid energy storage system, topology structure, parameter matching optimization

中图分类号:

TM912

何强, 刘后刚, 邹波, 吕布, 陈续麟, 段昱. 智能无人车辆混合储能系统选配与参数优化[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(9): 2791-2801.

HE Qiang, LIU Hougang, ZOU Bo, LÜ Bu, CHEN Xulin, DUAN Yu. Selection and Parameter Optimization of Hybrid Energy Storage System for Intelligent Unmanned Vehicles[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(9): 2791-2801.

图/表 16

参考文献 35

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参数	电池类型
参数	铅酸电池	镍氢电池	锂离子电池
比功率/(W·kg^-1)	150~400	200~400	250~450
比能量/(Wh·kg^-1)	30~50	65~120	120~300
循环寿命/次	400~600	600~1200	1000~2000
使用温度/℃	-20~40	-20~50	-25~60
成本	低	高	较高
环保性	差	较好	较好

参数	电池类型
参数	铅酸电池	镍氢电池	锂离子电池
比功率/(W·kg^-1)	150~400	200~400	250~450
比能量/(Wh·kg^-1)	30~50	65~120	120~300
循环寿命/次	400~600	600~1200	1000~2000
使用温度/℃	-20~40	-20~50	-25~60
成本	低	高	较高
环保性	差	较好	较好

参数	超级电容种类
参数	法拉第准电容	双电层电容	混合电容
电极材料	金属氧化物	活性炭	金属氧化物/碳
比功率/(W·kg^-1)	1000~2000	1000~3000	1000~2000
比能量/(Wh·kg^-1)	10~15	5~7	10~12
循环寿命/次	≥1000000	≥1000000	≥1000000
成本	高	较高	较高

参数	超级电容种类
参数	法拉第准电容	双电层电容	混合电容
电极材料	金属氧化物	活性炭	金属氧化物/碳
比功率/(W·kg^-1)	1000~2000	1000~3000	1000~2000
比能量/(Wh·kg^-1)	10~15	5~7	10~12
循环寿命/次	≥1000000	≥1000000	≥1000000
成本	高	较高	较高

指标	数值
最高车速/(km·h^-1)	90
0~60km/h的加速时间/s	9
最大爬坡度/%	60
最大爬坡时爬坡车速/(km·h^-1)	15
越野时车速/(km·h^-1)	30
30km/h等速纯电续驶里程/km	25
CHTC循环工况续驶里程/km	20