烧结纤维网络材料爆炸冲击防护数值模拟

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0402

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

烧结纤维网络材料作为一种新型爆炸防护材料,体现出了横观各向同性的力学特性,给工程化设计和应用带来了挑战。为了实现烧结纤维网络材料的准确数值模拟,建立了横观各向同性的唯象动态本构模型,并基于用户子程序实现了相关的本构算法。基于开展的不同加载方向应力-应变曲线,进行了本构参数的拟合,获得烧结纤维网络的材料参数。为验证所建本构模型和材料参数准确性,开展了纤维网络的爆炸模拟加载试验和相应的数值模拟分析,得到了该材料对冲击压力的衰减规律。结果表明,不同冲击加载方向下,数值模拟得到的冲击压力衰减和试样冲击压缩量与试验结果吻合良好,纤维网络材料可降低冲击压力达57.4%。所建立本构模型和参数可较好地反映纤维网络材料力学特性,可为其工程化应用提供重要仿真分析工具。

关键词: 爆炸防护, 本构模型, 冲击试验, 纤维网络材料, 数值模拟

Abstract:

As a novel explosion protection material, sintered fiber network materials exhibit transversely isotropic mechanical properties, posing challenges for engineering design and application. To achieve accurate numerical simulation of sintered fiber network materials, a transversely isotropic phenomenological dynamic constitutive model was established, and a user subroutine was developed to implement the constitutive model algorithms. Constitutive parameters of the sintered fiber network were obtained by fitting experimental stress-strain curves under different loading directions. To validate the constitutive model and parameters, explosion simulation loading tests and corresponding numerical simulations were conducted, revealing the material’s shock pressure attenuation characteristics. Results demonstrate that under varying shock loading directions, the numerical simulations show good agreement with experimental results in terms of shock pressure attenuation and specimen compression deformation. The fiber network material reduces shock pressure by up to 57.4%. The established constitutive model and parameters effectively capture the mechanical behavior of the fiber network material, providing a critical simulation tool for its engineering applications.

Key words: explosion protection, constitutive model, shock test, fiber network materials, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

O383

李元, 王天池, 侯兵, 索涛, 豆清波. 烧结纤维网络材料爆炸冲击防护数值模拟[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(10): 250402-.

LI Yuan, WANG Tianchi, HOU Bing, SUO Tao, DOU Qingbo. Numerical Modeling on Explosion Protection of Sintered Fiber Network Material[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(10): 250402-.

图/表 24

图1 烧结纤维网络铺层示意图

Fig.1 Layer illustration of fiber network materials

图2 电镜照片(放大300倍)

Fig.2 SEM photo(×300)

图3 烧结金属纤维网络细观照片

Fig.3 Microscopic photo of SFNM

图4 准静态压缩应力-应变曲线(0.15相对密度)

Fig.4 Quasi-static compression stress-strain curves (0.15 relative density)

图5 子程序计算流程图

Fig.5 Flow chart of subroutine calculation

图6 改进的Hopkinson杆装置

Fig.6 Improved Hopkinson bar test device

图7 准静态应力应变曲线拟合

Fig.7 Curve fitting of quasi-static test

表1 弹性相关参数

Table 1 Elastic parameters

相对密度	E₁/ MPa	E₃/ MPa	ν₁₂	ν₃	G₄/ MPa	G₅/ MPa
0.10	3210	1600	0.11	-0.00469	2331	37.6
0.15	6190	3200	0.15	-0.00867	3496.5	102.3
0.20	10710	6400	0.21	-0.01201	4650	201

表2 塑性相关参数

Table 2 Plastic parameters

相对密度	B	C	D	E	F	t₁₁	t₁₂	t₁₃	t₁₄	t₁₅	t₃₁	t₃₂
0.10	0.07083	0.03322	0	0.04456	0.39877	-0.04394	-0.05765	0.01484	-1.16×10^-3	3.12×10^-5	10.9558	-31.1684
0.15	0.08316	0.04555	0	0.08495	0.54483	-0.03139	-0.07441	0.02507	-2.61×10^-3	9.46×10^-5	9.4135	-4.0578
0.20	0.10783	0.06988	0	0.13636	0.86538	-0.02528	-0.10213	0.05945	-9.67×10^-3	5.33×10^-4	9.0598	-13.3983
相对密度	t₃₃	t₃₄	t₃₅	t₄₁	t₄₂	t₅₁	t₅₂	${Y}_{3}^{0}$	m₁	m₃	m₄	m₅
0.10	127.5877	-135.7743	71.5584	0.1542	0.4055	0.8918	0.8136	0.221	0.069	0.093	1.2	1.2
0.15	50.6525	-46.3774	39.6585	0.2062	0.3778	1.1305	0.7564	0.632	0.037	0.073	0.2	0.2
0.20	86.1957	-91.2777	47.6583	0.2486	0.3923	1.6195	0.7663	1.35	0.02	0.058	0.2	0.2

图8 子弹冲击示意图

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of projectile impact

图9 子弹实物图

Fig.9 Photo of projectile

表3 试样参数

Table 3 Specimen parameters

面内方向			面外方向
编号	相对密度	厚度/mm	编号	相对密度	厚度/mm
IL	0.10	27	OL	0.10	27
IM	0.15	18	OM	0.15	18
IH	0.20	13.5	OH	0.20	13.5

图10 典型试样

Fig.10 Typical specimen

图11 入射压力曲线

Fig.11 Incident pressure curves

图12 冲击后的试样

Fig.12 Specimens after impact

图13 试验得到的试样背部压力曲线

Fig.13 Experimental pressures behind the specimens

表4 压力峰值

Table 4 Peak pressures

面内方向		面外方向
相对密度	背部最大压力/MPa	相对密度	背部最大压力/MPa
0.10	170.3±35	0.10	242.8±26
0.15	206.2±10	0.15	232.5±5
0.20	177.2±23	0.20	193.9±7

图14 仿真模型

Fig.14 Numerical model

图15 模拟得到的冲击后试样

Fig.15 Numerical specimen deformations after impact

图16 模拟得到的压力曲线与试验结果对比

Fig.16 Comparisons between the modeling and test

图17 峰值压力对比

Fig.17 Peak pressure comparisons

表5 数值模拟压力和变形量的相对误差

Table 5 Relative errors of pressures and deformations

加载方向	相对密度	背部最大压力/MPa			厚度方向压缩量/mm
加载方向	相对密度	试验平均值	仿真值	误差/ %	试验平均值	仿真值	误差/ %
	0.10	170.3	141.1	17.1	20.6	21.4	3.9
面内	0.15	206.2	162.3	21.3	11.8	13.2	11.9
	0.20	177.2	215.1	21.4	7.5	9.0	20.0
	0.10	242.8	203.9	16.0	21.2	20.6	2.8
面外	0.15	232.5	245.7	5.7	12.5	12.6	0.8
	0.20	193.9	260.1	34.1	7.7	8.8	14.3

图18 冲击过程阶段划分

Fig.18 Stage definition in the impact process

图19 降低材料密度效果

Fig.19 Effect of decrease material density

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