基于压差分离的多药号适应性尾架前抛技术

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0752

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

受火炮结构与装药形式等因素影响,尾架与弹丸稳定分离及其前抛已成为后装填迫榴炮无人化发展的主要瓶颈之一,但该方面研究尚无资料可以借鉴。为弥补上述空白,提出一种基于压差分离的多药号适应性尾架前抛技术,设计了一种适应多药号发射的新型尾架,通过建立内弹道模型、刚强度模型、气体流动模型与尾架脱离模型,深入分析了尾架与弹丸分离的稳定域与非稳定域,并提出了通过孔径调整稳定域的策略,总结了气室孔径、气室压强与尾架脱离位置间相互作用的普适性规律以及该过程中弹丸初速、分离速度等参数之间的关系;以某后装填迫榴炮举例分析,结果表明:剪切销横截面半径应小于4.27mm,气室壁厚应大于6.16mm,可实现多药号尾架前抛的气孔半径应在1.00mm至2.75mm,以1.80mm为界分为1.00mm至1.80mm的稳定域和1.80mm至2.75mm的非稳定域,且气孔半径越居中,尾架脱离位置的差异性越大。上述研究将为后装填迫榴炮尾架前抛与无人化技术的发展奠定理论与技术基础。

关键词: 尾架前抛, 小孔流动, 内弹道, 分离稳定域

Abstract:

The separation of tailstock from projectile and the forward-throwing of tailstock have become significant challenges in the unmanned development of breech-loading howitzers.These challenges are attributed to the influence factors such as artillery structure and charge form.However,there is a lack of available data for reference in this aspect of research.A multi-gunpowder adaptive tailstock forward-throwing technology based on pressure difference separation is proposed,and a tailstock structure suitable for multi-gunpowder launch is designed.The stable and unstable regions of the tailstock-and-projectile separation are analyzed through the establishment of internal ballistic model,gas flow model,tailstock detachment model and so on.And a strategy to adjust the stability domain by aperture is proposed.The universal law of the interaction among gas chamber pore,gas chamber pressure,and tailstock detachment position are summarized.And the relationship between parameters such as muzzle velocity and separation velocity of projectile are also analyzed in this process.The tailstock forward-throwing analysis of a howitzer is presented.The results indicate that the cross-section radius of shear pin should be less than 4.27mm,and the wall thickness of gas chamber should be greater than 6.16mm.The aperture radius for the tailstock forward-throwing should be in the range of 1.00mm-2.75mm,and the stable region ranging from 1.00mm to 1.80mm and the non-stable region ranging from 1.80mm to 2.75mm are divided by taking1.80mm as a boundary.The position of tailstock detachment varies more when the aperture radius is more central.The aforementioned research will establish a theoretical and technical foundation for the advancement of rear loading and unmanned technology for rear loading howitzers.

Key words: tailstock forward-throwing, small hole flow, interior ballistics, stable separation region

中图分类号:

TJ460

王猛, 林文琦, 崔青春, 韩璇璇. 基于压差分离的多药号适应性尾架前抛技术[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(7): 240752-.

WANG Meng, LIN Wenqi, CUI Qingchun, HAN Xuanxuan. A Multi-gunpowder Adaptive Tailstock Forward-throwing Technology Based on Pressure Difference Separation[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(7): 240752-.

图/表 10

图1 尾架前抛技术

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of tailstock forward-throwing

图2 尾架结构

Fig.2 Tailstock structure

图3 设计流程

Fig.3 Design process

图4 卡爪受力分析

Fig.4 Force analysis of claw

图5 气室充放气过程示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of gas chamber inflation and deflation

图6 内弹道关键参数变化规律

Fig.6 The change law of key parameters of internal ballistics

表1 不同药号所达到膛内最大压强与炮口压强

Table 1 The maximum pressure inside the chamber,the muzzle pressure and the muzzle velocity of projectile achieved by different gunpowders

药号	最大压强/MPa	炮口压强/MPa	弹丸初速/(m·s^-1)
1#	37.5	4.0	251.6
2#	54.6	5.1	292.7
3#	71.2	6.2	337.1
4#	88.5	7.1	356.2
5#	107.8	8.1	383.9
6#	111.6	19.1	510.5
7#	138.8	20.9	546.3
8#	157.5	21.4	558.7

图7 #1~#8的p-t曲线

Fig.7 p-t curves of #1-#8

图8 尾架前抛(非)稳定域分布

Fig.8 Distribution of (non) stable regions for tailstock forward-throwing

图9 典型孔径尾架脱离位置

Fig.9 Typical aperture tailstock detachment position

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