水压驱动柔性活塞杆式水下弹射内弹道特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0087

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对无人水下航行器弹射鱼雷技术需求,提出一种新型柔性活塞杆式弹射方案,该方案利用大深度环境高压驱动活塞实现鱼雷弹射。据此建立柔性活塞杆式弹射鱼雷内弹道计算模型,并开展压力水筒原理试验验证。基于鱼雷出筒过程内弹道计算模型,与相关文献不同弹射方案开展对比研究。研究结果表明:相对于传统的多级缸式弹射方案,柔性活塞杆式弹射方案具有加速度平缓无陡变、有效加速行程大、出筒速度高等显著特点;相对于传统的高压气体驱动活塞方案,高压水方案无压力蓄能装置结构更为简单,提出的基于阶梯式降载原理的活塞缓冲方案较传统的节流孔缓冲方案降载效果更好,且不会造成活塞缸反腔压力过高的问题。鱼雷出筒过程弹道预报结果表明:在1.1~6.1MPa的环境背压下,鱼雷模型出筒速度变化范围为7.0~15.5m/s,尾部参考点未与弹射筒壁发生碰撞。研究结果验证了水压驱动柔性活塞杆式水下弹射方案的可行性,为装置的进一步研制开发提供了设计依据。

关键词: 无人水下航行器, 鱼雷, 水压驱动, 柔性活塞杆, 内弹道建模

Abstract:

In order to meet the requirements of unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) launching the torpedos,a new underwater ejection scheme with flexible piston rod is proposed.In the ejection scheme,the high pressure in large depth environment is used to drive the piston to launch a torpedo.An interior trajectory calculation model of torpedo launched from the ejection device with flexible piston rod is established.And the model is verified by the principle test in the high pressure water tank laboratory.The different launching schemes in the related literatures are comparatively studied based on the model.The results show that the ejection scheme with flexible piston rod has the characteristics of smooth acceleration without steep change,large effective acceleration stroke and high pipe exit speed compared with the traditional multistage cylinder launching scheme.Compared with the traditional high-pressure gas-driven piston scheme,the high-pressure water-driven piston scheme is simpler in structure without pressure storage device.A piston buffer scheme based on load reduction in steps proposed in the paper has better load reduction effect compared with the traditional throttle hole buffer scheme.And it won’t cause excessive pressure in the reverse cavity of piston cylinder.Under the ambient pressure of 1.1-6.1MPa,the predicted velocity of torpedo exiting tube varies from 7.0 to 11.6m/s,and the rear reference point of torpedo dose not collide with the tube wall.The results verify the feasibility of the underwater ejection scheme with flexible piston rod,which provides the design basis for the further development of ejection device.

Key words: unmanned underwater vehicle, torpedo, water drive, flexible piston rod, interior trajectory modeling

中图分类号:

TJ63+5

丁彦超, 何振民, 张哲, 韩文骥, 吴文婷. 水压驱动柔性活塞杆式水下弹射内弹道特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(3): 240087-.

DING Yanchao, HE Zhenmin, ZHANG Zhe, HAN Wenji, WU Wenting. Interior Trajectory Characteristics of Underwater Ejection Using a Flexible Piston Rod Driven by Water Pressure[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(3): 240087-.

图/表 30

图1 弹射装置工作原理示意图

Fig.1 The working principle diagram of ejection device

图2 节流孔缓冲原理图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of throttle hole buffering

图3 活塞缸内水流流动示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of water flow in piston cylinder

图4 鱼雷受力示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of forces on a torpedo

图5 数据交换原理图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of data exchange

表1 弹射装置参数

Table 1 The parameters of ejection device

参数	原理试验数值	水下弹射仿真数值
L/m	2.5	2.5
S₁/cm²	50.3	50.3
S₂/cm²	50.3	50.3
S₃/cm²	39.3	32.2 46.4 63.1
t/s	0.2	0.2

表2 控制变量参数初值

Table 2 Initial values of input variables

参数	原理试验数值	水下弹射仿真数值
p_a、p₁、p₂/MPa	0.22	1.1 3.1 6.1
p₃/MPa	0.1	0.1
Δ₁/cm³	0	0
Δ₂/cm³	12566	12566
dt/s	0.15	0.15

图6 不同排水孔方案活塞缸反腔压力p2曲线

Fig.6 Pressure p2 in reverse cavity of piston cylinder in different drainage hole schemes

图7 不同排水孔方案水流的流速vw变化曲线

Fig.7 Velocity vw of water flow in different drainage hole schemes

图8 不同排水孔方案活塞加速度ap变化曲线

Fig.8 Acceleration ap of piston in different drainage hole schemes

图9 不同排水孔方案活塞运动速度vp曲线

Fig.9 Velocity vp of piston in different drainage hole schemes

图10 不同排水孔方案活塞运动位移xp曲线

Fig.10 Displacement xp of piston in different drainage hole schemes

图11 不同环境压力状态活塞运动速度vp变化曲线

Fig.11 Velocity vp of piston under different ambient pressures

图12 不同环境压力状态活塞位移xp变化曲线

Fig.12 Displacement xp of piston under different ambient pressures

图13 不同环境压力状态鱼雷运动速度vt变化曲线

Fig.13 Velocity vt curves of torpedo under different ambient pressures

图14 不同环境压力状态鱼雷俯仰角速度ω变化曲线

Fig.14 The rate of pitch angle ω of torpedo under different ambient pressures

图15 不同环境压力状态鱼雷尾部位移变化曲线

Fig.15 Displacement ya of torpedo tail under different ambient pressures

图16 弹射装置结构原理图

Fig.16 Schematic diagram of ejection device

图17 压力水筒原理试验示意图

Fig.17 Schematic diagram of principle experiment in high pressure water tank laboratory

图18 原理试验弹射装置实物图

Fig.18 The picture of principle test ejection device

图19 活塞缸环腔压力变化曲线

Fig.19 Pressure curve of piston cylinder

图20 鱼雷加速度at 变化曲线

Fig.20 Acceleration at of torpedo

图21 鱼雷运动速度vt变化曲线

Fig.21 Velocity vt of torpedo

图22 位移变化曲线

Fig.22 Displacement curves

图23 不同弹射方案鱼雷加速度at变化曲线

Fig.23 Acceleration at of torpedo in different ejection schemes

图24 不同弹射方案鱼雷运动速度vt变化曲线

Fig.24 Velocity vt of torpedo in different ejection schemes

图25 不同弹射方案活塞缸正腔压力变化曲线

Fig.25 Pressure curves of piston cylinder in different ejection schemes

图26 不同工质活塞缸腔内压力变化曲线

Fig.26 Pressure curves of piston cylinders with different working media

图27 不同工质鱼雷加速度at变化曲线

Fig.27 Acceleration at of torpedos with different working media

图28 不同工质鱼雷运动速度vt变化曲线

Fig.28 Velocity vt of torpedos with different working media

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