护套强度对钨丝集束弹芯侵彻性能的影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0726

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了获得具有高侵彻效率的护套钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料的穿甲杆,开展了护套材料强度对钨丝/锆基非晶弹芯(后简称“钨丝集束”)侵彻性能的影响研究。采用30CrMnSi和Q235两种材料作为钨丝集束弹护套,在1700~2000m/s的着靶速度范围内开展了对C45钢的侵彻实验,并利用有限元分析软件对2种护套钨丝集束弹芯侵蚀机理进行分析。实验结果表明:30CrMnSi/钨丝集束弹芯侵蚀方式由侵彻初期的“共同侵蚀”逐渐转变为“分别侵蚀”,护套与弹芯脱离,并未起到保护弹芯的作用,使钨丝集束弹芯发生劈裂,导致30CrMnSi/钨丝集束弹芯侵彻性能不稳定,在实验速度范围内侵彻效率具有较大波动,差值相差50%以上(最高侵彻效率为1.68,而最低侵彻效率仅为1.03);Q235/钨丝集束弹芯侵彻效果较为稳定,实验获得的侵彻效率均在1.5以上。Q235护套在侵彻过程中紧紧贴合钨丝集束弹芯,与弹芯以“共同侵蚀”的方式失效,抑制裂纹在弹芯内部萌生、扩展,消除了弹芯侵彻过程中“劈裂”现象,为弹芯提供径向强度,提升了弹芯的侵彻性能。实验结果证明,合适的护套材料可以有助于增加钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料的侵彻稳定性,但并不是强度越高侵彻效果越好。该结论对护套钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料穿甲杆的设计具有理论支撑作用。

关键词: 护套强度, 钨丝集束, 侵蚀机理, 侵彻, 侵彻性能

Abstract:

The influence of strength of jacket materials on the penetration performance of tungsten fibre/Zr-based bulk metallic glass (WF/Zr-MG) rod to obtain the armor piercing rods made of jacketed WF/Zr-MG matrix composite materials with high penetration efficiency.A 60mm-thick C45 steel plate is impacted by a composite structure rod made of two types of jacket materials (Q235 and 30CrMnSi steel) with an impact velocity of 1700-2000m/s in penetration experiment.Additionally,the erosion mechanisms of two types of rods are analyzed using the finite element analysis software.The experimental results indicate that the erosion mode of 30CrMnSi/ WF/-Zr-MG rod gradually changes from “co-erosion” in the initial penetration stage to “bi-erosion”.The jacket separates from the rod and does not play a role in protecting the rod,thus splitting the WF/Zr-MG rod to result in the unstable penetration performance of 30CrMnSi/WF/Zr-MG rods.The penetration efficiency fluctuates greatly within the experimental speed range with a difference of more than 50% (the highest penetration efficiency is 1.68,and the lowest penetration efficiency is only 1.03).In contrast,Q235/WF/Zr MG rods maintaine the penetration efficiency above 1.5 at all the experimental speeds.The Q235 jacket tightly adheres to the WF/-Zr-MG rod during penetration,and fails in a “co-erosion” manner with the rod,therefore suppressing the initiation and expansion of cracks inside the rod,eliminating the “splitting” phenomenon during penetration,providing a radial strength for the rod,and improving its penetration performance.The experimental results show that a suitable jacket material can help increase the penetration stability of WF/Zr-MG rods,but it is not necessarily the case that the higher the strength is,the better the penetration effect is.This conclusion provides theoretical support for the design of armor piercing rods made of jacketed WF/Zr-MG materials.

Key words: strength of jacket materials, WF/Zr-MG rod, erosion mechanism, penetration, penetration performance

中图分类号:

TJ414⁺.2

周峰, 李立国, 邢炳楠, 杜成鑫, 杜忠华, 王鹏, 付华萌. 护套强度对钨丝集束弹芯侵彻性能的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(7): 240726-.

ZHOU Feng, LI Liguo, XING Bingnan, DU Chengxin, DU Zhonghua, WANG Peng, FU huameng. The Influence of Strength of Jacket Materials on the Penetration Performance of WF/Zr-MG Rods[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(7): 240726-.

图/表 23

图1 钨丝集束弹芯截面形貌

Fig.1 Cross-sectiona; morphology of WF/Zr-MG

图2 实验所用弹芯

Fig.2 Projectile for experiment

图3 两种护套材料应力-应变曲线

Fig.3 Stress-strain curves of two kinds of jacket materials

图4 实验现场布置

Fig.4 Experimental set-up

表1 实验参数

Table 1 Experimental parameters

实验编号	护套材料	弹芯质量/g	弹丸质量/g	弹芯初速/ (m·s^-1)
1-1	WF/Zr-MG+ 30CrMnSi steel	34.1	74.8	1757.6
1-2		34.1	74.3	1859.4
1-3		34.1	74.5	1984.9
1-4		34.2	74.6	2079
2-1	WF/Zr-MG+ Q235 steel	34.0	75.1	1730.2
2-2		34.4	75	1887
2-3		34.4	75.1	1966.2
2-4		34.2	74.8	1988.8

图5 典型工况弹芯飞行姿

Fig.5 Flight attitudes of rod captured by high-speed camera

图6 30CrMnSi 护套/钨丝集束弹芯侵彻弹坑剖面

Fig.6 Post-test longitudinal section of targets impacted by WF/Zr-MG+30CrMnSi jacketed rod

图7 Q235护套/钨丝集束弹芯侵彻弹坑剖面

Fig.7 Post-test longitudinal section of targets impacted by WF/Zr-MG+Q235 jacketed rod

图8 两种护套结构弹芯侵彻效率

Fig.8 The penetration efficiencies of two types of jacket rods

表2 侵彻威力参量

Table 2 Penetration power data

实验编号	护套材料	着靶速度/ (m·s^-1)	侵彻深度/ mm	侵彻效率 (P/L)	弹坑直径/ mm
1-1	WF/Zr-MG+ 30CrMnSi steel	1757.6	34.1	1.03	20.4
1-2		1859.4	52.43	1.58	17.89
1-3		1984.9	54.47	1.68	18.97
1-4		2079	37.45	1.13	20.2
2-1	WF/Zr- MG+Q235 钢	1730.2	51.5	1.56	18.1
2-2		1887	54.24	1.64	17.12
2-3		1966.2	54.25	1.64	17.76
2-4		1988.8	55.6	1.68	18.9

图9 不同侵彻速度条件下30CrMnSi/钨丝集束弹芯残体微观组图

Fig.9 Microscopic images of WF/Zr-MG/30CrMnSi rod remnant in C45 steel at different penetration velocities

图10 不同侵彻速度条件下Q235/钨丝集束弹芯残体微观组图

Fig.10 Microscopic images of WF/Zr-MG/ Q235 steel rod remnant in C45 steel at different penetration velocity

图11 图8中区域A局部放大

Fig.11 Magnified view of Area A in Fig.8

图12 图9中区域B局部放大

Fig.12 Magnified view of Area B in Fig.9

图13 仿真模型

Fig.13 FE model

表3 钨丝及锆基非晶仿真参数

Table 3 Data summary for WFs and Zr-MG

材料	ρ/(g·cm^-3)	E/GPa	ν	σ_0.2/MPa	ε_b	σ_b/MPa
钨丝^[19]	19.22	390	0.28	1687	1.3%	2002
Zr基非晶合金^[20]	6.68	96	0.36			1000

表4 Q235,30CrMnSi 和C45钢仿真参数

Table 4 Data summary for Q235,30CrMnSi and C45 steel

材料	ρ(g·cm^-3)	A/MPa	B/MPa	n	c	m
Q235^[21]	7.85	235	46	0.36	0.0392	0.757
30CrMnSi ^[22]	7.85	1440	1500	0.44	0.039	0.404
C45#钢^[23-25]	7.85	496	320	0.28	0.064	1.06
C45TR钢^[23-25]	7.85	800	320	0.28	0.064	1.06
材料	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
Q235^[21]	43.408	44.608	-0.016	0.0145	0.046
30rMnSiC^[22]	43.408	44.608	-0.016	0.0145	0.046
C45#钢^[23-26]	0.1	0.76	1.57	0.005	-0.84
C45TR钢^[23-25]	0.1	0.76	1.57	0.005	-0.84

图14 30CrMnSi/钨丝集束弹芯侵彻过程

Fig.14 Penetration process of 30CrMnSi/WF/Zr-MG rod

图15 C45TR/钨丝集束弹芯侵彻过程

Fig.15 Penetration process of C45TR/WF/Zr-MG rod

图16 Q235/钨丝集束弹芯侵彻过程

Fig.16 Penetration process of Q235/WF/Zr-MG rod

图17 C45/钨丝集束弹芯侵彻过程

Fig.17 Penetration process of C45/WF/Zr-MG rod

图18 两种护套结构弹芯各组分速度降

Fig.18 The velocity reduction of each part of two types of rods

图19 两种护套结构弹芯各组分速度降理论计算结果

Fig.19 Theoretically calculated results of velocity reduction for two types of rods

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