水下航行体出水破冰载荷特性数值模拟

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0358

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究潜射导弹在极地水下环境下发射的相关机理,基于有限元分析软件、采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法和光滑粒子流体动力学方法分别搭建流体和无限大整冰模型,并针对冰力学性能对应变率敏感的特性,采用添加了状态方程的塑性压缩张量材料模型,构建水下航行体出水破冰的流固耦合仿真模型。在完成关键数值计算方法有效性验证的基础上,通过数值仿真分析研究不同冰层厚度、航行体速度条件下航行体所受载荷变化情况,并得到航行体在破冰过程中所受到的碰撞接触力和破冰过程中航行体及冰的应力分布。研究结果表明:航行体出水破冰过程中,随着冰层厚度的增加,航行体受到的接触作用力增大,作用时间增长;随着破冰速度的增大,航行体所受接触作用力增大,作用时间缩短。

关键词: 潜射导弹, 出水破冰, 流固耦合, 冲击载荷, 光滑粒子流体动力学

Abstract:

The launching mechanism of submarine-launched missiles under polar underwater environments is studied. The Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method and the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method are used to establish the fluid and infinite whole ice models, respectively, based on finite element software, and a plastic compressive tension material model with equation of state is used to reproduce the sensitivity of mechanical properties of ice to stain rate. Consequently, a fluid-structure interaction model of underwater vehicle ice-breaking is built. Based on the validated key numerical methods, the load and collision force characteristics of underwater vehicle under different ice thicknesses and vehicle speed conditions are investigated by simulation. and the stress distributions of vehicle and ice in the process of ice-breaking are analyzed. The result shows that the load and interaction time imposed on the vehicle increase with the increase in ice thickness, and with the increase in vehicle speed, the loads imposed on the vehicle increase, and the interaction time decreases.

Key words: submarine-launched missile, breaking ice out of water, fluid-structure interaction, impact load, smoothed particle hydrodynamics

中图分类号:

TJ76

赵洁, 蔡晓伟, 吴祥清, 焦艳梅, 张军, 黄达. 水下航行体出水破冰载荷特性数值模拟[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(5): 240358-.

ZHAO Jie, CAI Xiaowei, WU Xiangqing, JIAO Yanmei, ZHANG Jun, HUANG Da. Numerical Study on Ice-breaking Load Characteristics of Underwater Vehicles[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(5): 240358-.

图/表 21

表1 冰应变率和压缩屈服应力比例系数

Table 1 Strain rates and compressive yield stress scale factors of ice

应变率/s^-1	比例系数	应变率/s^-1	比例系数
1.0×10^-9	0.270	1.0×10^-2	1.220
1.0×10^-8	0.336	1.0×10^-1	1.520
1.0×10^-7	0.417	1.0×10⁰	1.890
1.0×10^-6	0.520	1.0×10¹	2.348
1.0×10^-5	0.643	1.0×10²	2.910
1.0×10^-4	0.800	1.0×10³	3.620
1.0×10^-3	1.000

图1 圆柱入水几何模型示意图

Fig.1 Numerical model of cylinder entry water

表2 空气、水材料模型参数

Table 2 Material parameters of air and water

参数	空气	水
密度/(kg·m^-3)	1.25	1000
网格数量	51597	512000
网格尺寸/mm	2.5,2.5,3.8	2.5,2.5,3.2
单元类型	Solid ALE	Solid ALE
材料模型	009_NULL	009_NULL
截断压力/MPa	-10	-10
状态方程	LINEAR_POLYNOMIAL	GRUNEISEN

表3 圆柱材料模型参数

Table 3 Material parameters of cylinder

参数	数值
密度/(kg·m^-3)	7850
网格数量	552
网格尺寸/mm	2.3,2.3,3.1
单元类型	Solid
材料模型	003_MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC
弹性模量/GPa	211
剪切模量/GPa	6
泊松比	0.3
屈服应力/MPa	355

图2 圆柱入水位移随时间变化

Fig.2 Displacement-time curves of cylinder with different mesh sizes

表4 位移仿真结果与实验结果[28]误差

Table 4 Comparison between calculated and experimental results[28] of displacement

网格类型	位移/mm		相对误差/%
网格类型	仿真结果	实验结果^[28]	相对误差/%
粗网格	185.3	201.2	-8.0
中网格	194.2	201.2	-3.5
细网格	195.2	201.2	-3.0

图3 冰球撞击合金板数值模型

Fig.3 Numerical model of ice ball impacting on alloy plate

表5 合金板材料模型参数

Table 5 Material parameters of alloy plate

参数	数值
密度/(kg·m^-3)	4400
网格数量	135200
网格尺寸/mm	1.9,1.9,0.25
单元类型	Solid
材料模型	003_MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC
弹性模量/GPa	113
剪切模量/GPa	4.71
泊松比	0.3
屈服应力/GPa	1.01

表6 冰材料模型参数

Table 6 Material parameters of ice

参数	数值
密度/(kg·m^-3)	900
粒子数量	9328
粒子间距/mm	1.1,1.1,1.1
单元类型	SPH
弹性模量/GPa	9.0
泊松比	0.33
拉伸截断压力/MPa	5.0
压缩截断压力/MPa	-0.433
材料模型	155_PLASTICITY_COMPRESSION_TENSION_EOS
状态方程	TABULATED_COMPACTION

图4 冰球撞击接触作用力

Fig.4 Contact force-time curves of ice ball impacting alloy plates with different meshes and particles

表7 接触力峰值仿真结果与实验结果[29]误差

Table 7 Comparisons of calculated and experimental results[29] of contact force

方案	接触力峰值/N		相对误差/%
方案	仿真结果	实验结果^[29]	相对误差/%
1	10492.0	9576.9	9.6
2	9925.3	9576.9	3.6
3	9694.7	9576.9	1.2

图5 冰球撞击合金板过程对比

Fig.5 Comparisons of processes of ice ball impacting on alloy plate

图6 航行体破冰计算模型示意图(蓝色是空气,绿色是水,铜黄色是航行体)

Fig.6 Numerical model of vehicle ice-breaking (Blue is air, green is water, and copper yellow is navigation)

表8 航行体材料模型参数

Table 8 Material parameters of vehicle

参数	数值
密度/(kg·m^-3)	7850
网格数量	2130
网格尺寸/cm	3.6,3.6,6.2
单元类型	Solid
弹性模量/GPa	210
泊松比	0.30
材料模型	003_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC

图7 航行体预设速度-时间曲线

Fig.7 Preset velocity curve of vehicle

图8 航行体破冰接触力随时间变化

Fig.8 Contact force-time curves of vehicle ice-breaking with different meshes and particle

表9 不同工况计算条件

Table 9 Calculation conditions for different cases

工况	最大航行速度/(m·s^-1)	冰厚/cm
1	10	20
2	15	20
3	20	20
4	25	20
5	20	10
6	20	30

图9 不同冰层厚度条件下接触力随时间的变化

Fig.9 Contact force-time curves of vehicle ice-breaking with different ice thicknesses

图10 不同航行速度条件下接触力随时间变化

Fig.10 Contact force-time curves of vehicle ice-breaking at different navigation velocities

图11 工况3不同时刻冰von Mises应力分布云图

Fig.11 Von Mises stress diagram of ice at different time in Case 3

图12 工况3不同时刻航行体von Mises应力分布云图

Fig.12 Von Mises stress diagram of vehicle at different time in Case 3

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