不同弹头夹心弹斜侵彻金属靶特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0417

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究不同弹头形状对夹心弹斜侵彻金属靶的影响,开展3种不同弹头形状夹心弹斜45°侵彻4340钢靶的试验,并结合数值仿真对夹心弹与钨合金射弹进行对比,对3种夹心弹的侵彻过程及其侵彻特性进行分析。研究结果表明:在相同动能斜侵彻的情况下,夹心弹的侵彻性能优于均质钨合金射弹,但由于夹心弹外套与弹芯之间较大的阻力差距,使夹心弹的弹道偏转更严重;当夹心弹以约1450m/s速度侵彻斜45°的4340钢靶时,半球形弹头夹心弹斜侵彻的弹道稳定性最好,而截锥形弹头夹心弹的弹道偏转最大;斜侵彻过程可分为头部镦粗偏转、稳定斜侵彻、侵彻终止3个阶段,夹心弹侵彻弹道偏转主要表现在头部镦粗偏转阶段之后;弹头形状对夹心弹弹道偏转影响的根本因素是开坑阶段夹心弹弹头所受侧向力大小与弹坑形态;截锥形弹头夹心弹在头部镦粗偏转阶段所受合阻力方向与夹心弹轴向夹角最大,偏转力矩最大,弹头发生的弯曲变形最大,同时初始弹坑下,侧面与弹头斜锥面几乎平行,进而导致其侵彻弹道偏转最大;半球形弹头夹心弹在开坑阶段受到的偏转力矩最小,具有更好的侵彻弹道稳定性;不同的侵彻角度下,截锥形弹头夹心弹的弹道偏转受侵彻角度变化影响最大,半球形弹头夹心弹受侵彻角度影响程度最小,其斜侵彻弹道稳定性最好。

关键词: 夹心弹, 斜侵彻, 弹头形状, 金属靶

Abstract:

In order to investigate the influence of different nose shapes on the oblique penetration of jacketed rods into the metal targets,the experiments are conducted for three types of jacketed rods with varying shapes obliquely penetrating 4340 steel targets at 45°.The jacketed rods and tungsten alloy projectiles are compared through numerical simulation,and the penetration processes and characteristics of the three kinds of jacketed rods are analyzed.The results indicate that,compared to homogeneous tungsten alloy projectiles,the jacketed rods exhibite superior penetration performance under the same kinetic energy oblique penetration conditions.However,the significant resistance difference between the jacket and the core of the jacketed rod results in more severe trajectory deviation.When the jacketed rods obliquely penetrate into 4340 steel targets at 45° at about 1450m/s,the jacketed rod with hemispherical nose demonstrates superior trajectory stability,while the jacketed rod with truncated cone nose exhibites the most significant trajectory deviation.The oblique penetration process can be delineated into three phases:head coarsening deviation,stable oblique penetration,and penetration termination.The trajectory deviations of the jacketed rods mainly occur after the head coarsening deviation stage.The fundamental factors influencing the trajectory deviations of the jacketed rods are the lateral force acting on the rod nose at the penetration hole-opening stage and the morphology of the penetration hole.The angle between the direction of the combined resistance force experienced by the jacketed rod truncated cone nose with at the head coarsening deviation stage and the axial direction of jacketed rod is maximized,resulting in the largest deflection torque and maximum bending deformation of the nose.Additionally,the lower side of the initial penetration hole is nearly parallel to the inclined cone surface of the nose,leading to the maximum trajectory deviation.On the other hand,the jacketed rod with hemispherical nose experiences the smallest deflection torque at the penetration hole-opening stage,thus it possesses better stability in the penetration.At different impact angles,the trajectory deviation of jacketed rods with truncated cone nose is most affected by the changes in the impact angle,while the jacketed rods with hemispherical nose are least affected,exhibiting the best trajectory stability during oblique penetration.

Key words: jacketed rod, oblique penetration, nose shape, metal target

中图分类号:

TJ410.3

侯云锟, 唐奎, 王金相, 顾敏辉, 郝戌龙, 王积锐. 不同弹头夹心弹斜侵彻金属靶特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(4): 240417-.

HOU Yunkun, TANG Kui, WANG Jinxiang, GU Minhui, HAO Xulong, WANG Jirui. Characteristics of Oblique Penetration of Metal Targets by Jacketed Rods with Different Noses[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(4): 240417-.

图/表 28

图1 夹心弹结构(左)及装配实物(右)

Fig.1 Structure (left) and assembly diagram (right) of jacketed rod

图2 试验现场布置

Fig.2 Experimental site layout

图3 截锥形弹头夹心弹着靶前不同时刻飞行姿态

Fig.3 Flight attitudes of jacketed rods with truncated cone noses at different times before impacting the target

表1 靶板试验结果

Table 1 Target experimental test results

弹头形状	弹坑形貌	靶板剖面
半球形弹头
尖卵形弹头
截锥形弹头

表2 试验结果数据

Table 2 Experimental results data

弹头形状	质量/g	入射速度/ (m·s^-1)	攻角/ (°)	P_x/mm	P_y/mm	D/mm
半球形	34.62	1454.6	0	48.1	33.2	25.1
尖卵形	33.47	1451.9	2	54.5	32.1	26.5
截锥形	32.76	1475.9	3	58.2	34.1	26.9

图4 截锥形弹头靶板放大图

Fig.4 Enlarged diagram of the truncated cone nose on target plate

图5 夹心弹斜侵彻金属靶有限元模型

Fig.5 Finite element model of jacketed rod obliquely penetrating into a metal target

图6 半球形夹心弹有限元模型

Fig.6 Finite element model of jacketed rod with hemispherical nose

表3 弹靶材料的数值仿真参数[22-23]

Table 3 Numerical simulation parameters of projectile and target [22-23]

材料	A	B	n	C	m	T_m	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	c₀/(m·s^-1)	S₁	γ₀	a
4340钢	792	510	0.26	0.014	1.03	1793	0.05	3.44	-2.12	0.002	0.61	4578	1.33	1.67	0.47
93W钨合金	1506	177	0.12	0.016	1.00	1723	0.16	3.13	-2.04	0.007	0.37	4029	1.44	1.58	0.011

图7 不同形状弹头侵彻靶板试验(左)与数值模拟(右)结果对比

Fig.7 Comparison of experimental (left) and numericaly simulated (right) results for the jacketed rods with different noses penetrating into the target

表4 试验与数值仿真数据对比

Table 4 Comparison of experimental and numerical simulation data

弹头形状	入射速度/ (m·s^-1)	P_x/mm			P_y/mm
弹头形状	入射速度/ (m·s^-1)	试验值	仿真值	误差/%	试验值	仿真值	误差/%
半球形	1454.6	48.1	50.8	5.6	33.2	33.5	0.9
尖卵形	1451.9	54.5	54.4	-0.2	32.1	32.0	-0.3
截锥形	1475.9	58.2	56.1	-3.6	34.1	32.4	-5.0

图8 弹道偏转角示意图

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of trajectory deviation angle

图9 不同弹头夹心弹与均质弹弹道偏转

Fig.9 Trajectory deviation angles of jacketed rods and homogeneous tungsten alloy projectiles with different noses

表5 不同弹头夹心弹与均质弹开坑

Table 5 Crater formation of jacketed rods and homogeneous tungsten alloy projectiles with different noses

弹头形状	夹心弹	均质弹
半球形
尖卵形
截锥形

表6 不同弹头夹心弹与均质弹侵彻过程

Table 6 Penetration processes of jacketed rods and homogeneous tungsten alloy projectiles with different noses

时间/ μs	弹头形状		夹心弹			均质弹
45		半球形
		尖卵形
		截锥形
75		半球形
		尖卵形
		截锥形
100		半球形
		尖卵形
		截锥形

图10 不同弹头夹心弹与均质弹侵彻深度

Fig.10 Penetration depths of jacketed rods and homogeneous tungsten alloy projectiles with different noses

图11 不同弹头夹心弹与均质弹侵彻阻力

Fig.11 Penetration resistances of jacketed rods and homogeneous tungsten alloy projectiles with different noses

表7 半球形、尖卵形以及截锥形弹头夹心弹的侵彻过程

Table 7 Penetration process of jacketed rods with hemispherical,ogive and truncated cone noses

阶段	时间/μs	半球形	尖卵形	截锥形
头部镦粗偏转阶段	10
头部镦粗偏转阶段	20
稳定斜侵彻阶段 (弹尾进入弹坑前)	40
稳定斜侵彻阶段 (弹尾进入弹坑前)	46
稳定斜侵彻阶段 (弹尾进入弹坑后)	60
	70
	80
侵彻终止阶段	110

图12 不同弹头Bi-erosion现象

Fig.12 Bi-erosion phenomena with different noses

图13 未加攻角不同弹头夹心弹侵彻过程

Fig.13 Penetration processes of jacketed rods weith different noses without angle of attack

图14 侵彻过程中不同弹头夹心弹所受侵彻阻力

Fig.14 Penetration resistances of jacketed rods with different noses

图15 不同弹头形状夹心弹侵彻深度

Fig.15 Penetration depths of jacketed rods with different noses

图16 3种夹心弹的侵彻弹道偏转角

Fig.16 Trajectory deviation angles of three kinds of jacketed rods

表8 不同弹头夹心弹的弹道偏转角度

Table 8 Trajectory deviation angles of different jacketed rods

弹头形状	半球形	尖卵形	截锥形
偏转角度/(°)	7.87	9.14	11.87

图17 不同弹头开坑阶段6μs时压力分布云图

Fig.17 Stress distribution cloud maps during cavity formation process for different noses at 6μs

图18 3种弹头夹心弹开坑情况

Fig.18 The cratering behaviors of 3 jacketed rods with different noses

图19 3种弹头夹心弹在不同侵彻角度下的弹坑轮廓

Fig.19 The penetration channel outlines of 3 jacketed rods with different noses at different impact angles

图20 3种弹头夹心弹不同侵彻角度下弹道偏转角

Fig.20 Trajectory deviation angles of 3 jacketed rods with different noses at different impact angles

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