小型宽频带双极化电磁兼容性测试天线的设计与实现

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0670

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决飞行器舱段等特定狭小空间内的电磁兼容性(Electromagnetic Compatibility, EMC)现场测试需求,设计与实现一款新型的小型宽频带双极化EMC测试天线。基于传统Vivaldi天线性能分析,采用修型设计并优化天线表面电流分布,设计一款新型宽频带单极化天线;运用非对称双极化设计方法,并组合两幅新型单极化天线,设计一款高隔离度的双极化EMC测试天线。仿真分析和实测结果表明:双极化EMC测试天线的工作频带为0.33~3.40GHz(电压驻波比小于2),工作频带内天线方向图无裂瓣且增益平坦,天线系数达到17~36dB/m,双端口隔离度优于35dB;双极化EMC测试天线的尺寸为450mm×450mm×450mm,适用于飞行器舱段等狭小空间内EMC辐射发射现场测试,有助于测试效率提升。

关键词: 飞行器, 电磁兼容性测试天线, 双极化天线, 宽频带天线

Abstract:

In order to solve the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing problem in specific scenarios such as aircraft cabin, a novel compact wideband dual-polarized antenna is designed and implemented to meet the requirements of EMC test in a small space. Based on the performance analysis of the traditional Vivaldi antenna, a new wideband single-polarized antenna is designed by improving the shape and optimizing the surface current distribution of the traditional antenna. A high isolation dual-polarized EMC test antenna is designed by combining two single-polarized antennas and adopting an asymmetric dual-polarized design method. The simulated and measured results show that the operating frequency band of the antenna is 0.33-3.40GHz (VSWR<2), the directional pattern has no split lobe, the gain is flat in the whole frequency band, the antenna factor reaches 17-36dB/m and the 2-port isolation is above 35dB. The dimension of the combined antenna is 450×450×450mm³, which meets the requirements of the system-level EMC radiation emission test and contributes to enhancing the test efficiency.

Key words: aircraft, EMC test antenna, dual-polarized antenna, wideband antenna

中图分类号:

TM937

秦阳榛, 路宏敏, 乌扶临, 陈鹏, 刘玄. 小型宽频带双极化电磁兼容性测试天线的设计与实现[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(9): 3253-3260.

QIN Yangzhen, LU Hongmin, WU Fulin, CHEN Peng, LIU Xuan. Design and Implementation of the Compact Wideband Dual-polarized Antenna for Electromagnetic Compatibility Test[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(9): 3253-3260.

图/表 13

图1 传统Vivaldi天线结构示意图

Fig.1 Schematicdiagram of traditional Vivaldi antenna structure

图2 修型后的测试天线模型图

Fig.2 Test antenna model after modification

表1 EMC测试天线部分参数

Table 1 Some parameters of EMC test antenna

参数	数值	参数	数值
R₁/mm	41	W₁/mm	2
R₂/mm	32	W₂/mm	380
R₃/mm	28	W₃/mm	200
R₄/mm	40	W₄/mm	2.3
R₅/mm	90	W₅/mm	4.5
W/mm	450	x₁/mm	200
L/mm	450	x₂/mm	450
L_a/mm	250	y₁/mm	225
θ/(°)	85	y₂/mm	415
α	0.021	h_e/mm	1.5

图3 改进前后天线VSWR对比

Fig.3 Comparison of VSWRs before and after modified antennas

图4 双极化EMC测试天线结构示意图

Fig.4 The structure diagram of dual-polarized EMC test antenna

图5 EMC测试天线实物图

Fig.5 Fabricated prototype of EMC test antenna

图6 双极化EMC测试天线实测驻波比

Fig.6 Measured VSWR of dual-polarized EMC test antenna

图7 双极化EMC测试天线仿真与实测隔离度

Fig.7 Simulated and measured isolation of dual-polarized EMC test antenna

图8 EMC测试天线仿真与实测方向图

Fig.8 Simulated and measured radiations pattern of EMC test antenna

图9 EMC测试天线峰值增益

Fig.9 Measured peak gain of EMC test antenna

图10 天线系数校准原理示意图

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of antenna factor calibration

图11 EMC测试天线实测1m天线系数

Fig.11 Measured 1m antenna factor of EMC test antenna

表2 天线性能对比

Table 2 Comparison between proposed antenna and industry

天线类型	工作频带/ GHz	整体尺寸/ mm³	是否双极化	天线系数/ (dB·m^-1)
本文设计天线	0.33~3.40	450×450×450	是	17~36
BBHA 9120F	0.2~2.0	680×950×960	否	12~30
XSLP 9143	0.3~3.0	540×690×540	是	15~35
SBA 9113B	0.5~3.0	560×140×49	否	25~43

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