B/KNO3点火药装药的烤燃特性研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0657

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究B/KNO₃点火药的热安全性,建立多点测温烤燃实验装置,对不同升温速率、不同装药密度条件下的B/KNO₃点火药装药进行多点测温烤燃实验,以获得点火药装药发生点火的准确时间与烤燃过程中不同监测点的温度历程。建立B/KNO₃点火药装药烤燃实验的数值计算模型并进行了数值模拟,计算中考虑了点火药的自热分解反应与相变吸热。通过与实验结果的对比,标定B/KNO₃点火药装药的热物性参数和反应动力学参数。研究结果表明:B/KNO₃点火药的指前因子为7.763×10¹³s^-1,活化能为2.0787×10⁵J/mol;在点火药装药的烤燃过程中,随着升温速率的减小,点火延期时间逐渐增加,点火区域逐渐向中心移动,点火环境温度逐渐降低;在装药密度变化不太大的情况下,点火药的点火特征差别不大。

关键词: B/KNO₃点火药, 烤燃实验, 热安全性, 点火特性

Abstract:

The cook-off test devices for multi-point temperature measuring are established to study the thermal safety of B/KNO₃ ignition charge. The multi-point temperature measuring and cook-off tests of B/KNO₃ ignition charge under the conditions of different heating rates and charge densities are made to obtain the accurate ignition time of ignition charge and the temperature curves of different monitoring points during the cook-off tests. A numerical calculation model of B/KNO₃ ignition charge for the cook-off test is established. The self-thermal decomposition reaction and phase transition heat absorption of ignition charge are considered in the calculation model. Then, the model is used to simulate the cook-off process of B/KNO₃ ignition charge under the conditions of different heating rates and charge densities. The thermal and kinetic parameters of B/KNO₃ ignition charge are calibrated by comparing with the experimental results. The results show that the pre-exponential factor of B/KNO₃ ignition charge is 7.763×10¹³s^-1, and its activation energy is 2.0787×10⁵J/mol; with the decrease in the heating rate, the ignition delay time increases gradually, the ignition area moves to the center gradually, and the ignition ambient temperature decreases gradually. When the change in charge density is not significant, the ignition characteristics of ignition charge do not differ much.

Key words: B/KNO₃ ignition charge, cook-off test, thermal safety, ignition characteristics

中图分类号:

TQ565

伍俊英, 尚伊平, 郑富德, 杜皓杰, 姚雨乐, 李钧剑, 陈朗. B/KNO₃点火药装药的烤燃特性研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(8): 2828-2836.

WU Junying, SHANG Yiping, ZHENG Fude, DU Haojie, YAO Yule, LI Junjian, CHEN Lang. Study on the Cook-off Characteristics of B/KNO₃ Ignition Charge[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(8): 2828-2836.

图/表 13

图1 多点测温烤燃实验装置结构示意图

Fig.1 Structural diagram of multi-point temperature measuring setup

图2 烤燃装置实物照片

Fig.2 Photographs of cook-off experimental device

图3 点火后的壳体与加热套实物照片

Fig.3 Photographs of shell and heating coat after ignition

图4 不同升温速率下B/KNO3点火药装药的各监测点温度变化

Fig.4 Temperature-time curves of different monitoring points of B/KNO3 ignition charge at different heating rates

表1 不同升温速率下B/KNO3点火药装药的点火特征参数

Table 1 The ignition characteristics of B/KNO3 ignition charge at different heating rates

升温速率/(K·min^-1)	点火时间/s	点火环境温度/K
1.5	10547.4	575.09
3.0	5370.9	580.10
6.0	3013.0	612.85

图5 不同装药密度下B/KNO3点火药装药的各监测点温度变化

Fig.5 Temperature-time curves of different monitoring points of B/KNO3 ignition charge at different charge densities

表2 材料热物性参数

Table 2 Thermal parameters of materials

材料	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	热容/ (J·kg^-1·K^-1)	热导率/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)
	1574.10	1140	0.37
装药	1300.00	1140	0.31
	1100.00	1140	0.24
空气	1.225	1006.43	0.0242
钢壳	8030	502.48	16.27

图6 多点测温计算网格

Fig.6 Grid diagram of multi-point temperature measurement

图7 不同升温速率下各监测点实验和计算温度

Fig.7 Experimental and calculated temperature-time curves of each monitoring point at different heating rates

图8 3.0K/min升温速率下计算模型在不同时刻的剖面温度分布

Fig.8 Distribution of temperature on the section of calculation model at different times at 3.0K/min

图9 不同升温速率下计算模型在点火时刻的剖面温度分布

Fig.9 Distribution of temperature on the section of calculation model at ignition time at different heating rates

图10 不同装药密度下各监测点实验和计算温度

Fig.10 Experimental and calculated temperature-time curves of each monitoring point at different charge densities

图11 不同装药密度下计算模型在点火时刻的剖面温度分布

Fig.11 Distribution of temperature on the section of calculation model at ignition time at different charge densities

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B/KNO₃点火药装药的烤燃特性研究

Study on the Cook-off Characteristics of B/KNO₃ Ignition Charge

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