铝纤维增强铝/聚四氟乙烯活性材料力学性能及反应特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0101

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究纤维含量对铝(Al)/聚四氟乙烯(Polytetrafluoroethylene,PTFE)力学性能及反应特性的影响,针对模压烧结法制备的铝纤维增强型活性材料,采用材料试验机和冲击加载实验技术开展静态、动态力学响应和冲击反应研究,并结合细观结构特征揭示纤维增强活性材料的变形失效机制。研究结果表明:Al纤维含量(质量比)为1%~4%时,随机分布的Al纤维抑制了基体内裂纹扩展,提高了Al/PTFE的静态屈服强度和动态抗压强度;Al纤维含量1%的动态力学性能最优,随着纤维含量的增加,Al纤维穿出基体的破坏是限制材料动力学性能持续增强的主要因素;在保证Al/PTFE理论释能不变的前提下,Al纤维的加入提高了Al/PTFE的冲击反应阈值,无纤维时最小反应比入射能为50.7J/cm²,纤维含量增加至4%时提高到61.3J/cm²,活性材料的冲击不敏感性得到提升。

关键词: 铝纤维, 铝/聚四氟乙烯, 活性材料, 力学特性, 反应阈值

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of fiber content on the mechanical properties and reaction characteristics of aluminum/polytetrafluoroethylene (Al/PTFE) reactive material, the static and dynamic mechanical responses, and impact reaction experiments are carried out using the universal pressure testing machine and the impact loading experimental techniques for aluminum fiber-reinforced reactive materials prepared by molding and sintering method. The deformation failure mechanism of fiber-reinforced reactive materials is revealed by the micromorphology. The result shows that the random distribution of aluminum fibers improves the quasi-static yield strength and dynamic ultimate compressive stress of Al/PTFE significantly by inhibiting crack propagation within the matrix when the content of aluminum fiber (mass ratio) is between 1% and 4%. The dynamic mechanical properties of Al/PTFE are optimal when the content of aluminum fiber is 1%. Damage caused by aluminum fiber penetrating through the reactive material matrix under impact loading is a major factor limiting the reinforcement effect by the increased fiber mass. On the other hand, the addition of aluminum fibers increases the impact reaction threshold of Al/PTFE under the condition that the theoretical release energy of Al/PTFE is unchanged. The minimum specific incident energy required for the reaction of Al/PTFE increases from 50.7J/cm² without fibers to 61.3J/cm²with fiber mass of 4%, which increases the impact insensitivity of Al/PTFE.

Key words: aluminum fiber, aluminum/polytetrafluoroethylene, reactive material, mechanical property, reaction threshold

中图分类号:

TJ04

赵涵, 任会兰, 宁建国. 铝纤维增强铝/聚四氟乙烯活性材料力学性能及反应特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(5): 1573-1581.

ZHAO Han, REN Huilan, NING Jianguo. Mechanical Properties and Reaction Characteristics of Aluminum Fiber Reinforced Aluminum/polytetrafluoroethylene Reactive Material[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(5): 1573-1581.

图/表 17

图1 纤维增强Al/PTFE制备工艺图

Fig.1 Preparation process of fiber-reinforced Al /PTFE

表1 试件组分参数

Table 1 Parameters of specimen component

编号	Al纤维质量占比/%	Al粉质量占比/%	PTFE粉质量占比/%	密度/ (kg·cm^-3)
AP-0	0	26.5	73.5	2239
AP-1	1	25.5	73.5	2231
AP-2	2	24.5	73.5	2225
AP-4	4	22.5	73.5	2228

图2 试件细观形貌图

Fig.2 Micromorphology of specimen

图3 WDW-300万能压力试验机

Fig.3 WDW-300 material testing machine

图4 分离式霍普金森压杆实验示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of split Hopkinson pressure bar experiment

图5 动态应变仪所记录波形信号

Fig.5 Single recorded by high dynamic strain indicator

图6 准静态压缩下Al/PTFE应力-应变曲线

Fig.6 Stress-strain curves of Al/PTFE under quasi-static compression

表2 Al/PTFE力学参数

Table 2 Mechanical parameters of Al/PTFE

No.	Al纤维质量占比/%	弹性模量/MPa	屈服应力/MPa
1	0	227.1	15.8
2	1	302.2	19.1
3	2	331.4	20.4
4	4	396.8	21.2

图7 准静态压缩后试件细观形貌

Fig.7 Micromorphology of specimen after quasi-static compression

图8 纤维增强Al/PTFE应力-应变曲线及不同应变率下抗压强度

Fig.8 Strain-stress curves of fiber-reinforced Al/PTFE and its compressive strength at different strain rates

图9 动态压缩后试件细观形貌

Fig.9 Micromorphology of specimen after dynamic compression

图10 冲击载荷作用下AP-2试件反应图像

Fig.10 Images of the reaction of AP-2 specimens under impact loading

图11 AP-1冲击反应过程

Fig.11 Reaction process of AP-1 specimenwith different velocities

图12 AP-4冲击反应过程

Fig.12 Reaction process of AP-4 specimenwith different velocities

图13 纤维增强Al/PTFE的冲击敏感性曲线

Fig.13 Impact sensitivity curves of different Al/PTFE specimens

表3 最小反应比入射能与最大未反应比入射能

Table 3 Minimum reaction specific incident energy and maximum unreacted specific incident energy

最小反应比入射能与最大未反应比入射能	编号	比入射能/ (J·cm^-2)
	AP-0	50.7
最小反应比入射能	AP-1	51.1
	AP-2	53.9
	AP-4	61.3
	AP-0	49.5
最大未反应比入射能	AP-1	51.0
	AP-2	54.9
	AP-4	63.4

图14 反应后试件细观形貌

Fig.14 Micromorphology of specimen after reaction

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