温压炸药近爆作用下RC梁破坏特征和毁伤规律试验研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0897

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为一种高能量密度炸药,温压炸药的爆炸毁伤效应及毁伤机理有别于传统炸药。结合敞开空间温压炸药爆炸冲击波及热效应试验,研究温压炸药爆炸冲击波特征及传播规律,采用高速摄像技术和光纤多谱线测温技术分析爆炸火球演化特征及火球表面温度变化规律。为研究温压炸药爆炸荷载对钢筋混凝土结构的毁伤效应,针对两种典型钢筋混凝土梁开展不同比例爆距下的爆炸试验,阐明两种钢筋混凝土梁在不同药量、不同爆距下的破坏特征和毁伤规律。研究结果表明:相比TNT炸药,温压炸药爆炸冲击波具有超压峰值大、正压作用时间长及峰值衰减缓慢的特点,温压炸药爆炸最高温度达到2400K,超过1000K的高温持续时间超过160ms,高冲量爆炸冲击及持续高温作用导致钢筋混凝土结构受到更大程度的毁伤破坏。结合药量对毁伤规律的影响,提出钢筋混凝土梁在温压炸药近区(0.20~0.75m)爆炸荷载条件下基于比例爆距和药量的毁伤判据。

关键词: 温压炸药, 钢筋混凝土梁, 破坏特征, 毁伤判据

Abstract:

As a high-energy density explosive, the blast damage effect and mechanism of thermobaric explosive are different from traditional explosives. First of all, the characteristics and propagation law of thermobaric explosive blast shock wave are studied through the open space thermobaric explosive blast shock wave and thermal effect test. High-speed camera technology and fiber optic multispectral line temperature measurement technology are used to analyze the evolution characteristics of explosive fireball and the fireball surface temperature change pattern. Secondly, in order to study the destructive effect of the blast loads of thermobaric explosives on reinforced concrete structures, two typical reinforced concrete beams were subjected to explosion tests with different proportional blast distances. The damage characteristics and laws of two kinds of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with different charges and distances were elucidated. The research results show that, compared to TNT, the blast shock wave of thermobaric explosive has a large overpressure peak, long positive pressure action time and slow decay of peak characteristics, the thermobaric explosive blast temperature reaches up to 2400K, more than 1000K high temperature duration is more than 160ms, and the high impulse blast impact and sustained high temperature action lead to a greater degree of damage to reinforced concrete structures. Combining the effect of charges on the pattern of destruction, a damage criterion based on the proportional scaled distance and the amount of charge is proposed for reinforced concrete beams under the close-in (0.2-0.75m) blast loading of thermobaric explosives.

Key words: thermobaric explosive, reinforced concrete beam, damage characteristics, damage criterion

中图分类号:

TJ301

刘举, 张国凯, 王振, 姚箭, 李杰, 于思远, 纪玉国. 温压炸药近爆作用下RC梁破坏特征和毁伤规律试验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(3): 864-874.

LIU Ju, ZHANG Guokai, WANG Zhen, YAO Jian, LI Jie, YU Siyuan, JI Yuguo. Experimental Study on the Damage Characteristics and Laws of RC Beams under Close-in Blast Loading of Thermobaric Explosives[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(3): 864-874.

图/表 20

表1 两种梁的几何参数

Table 1 Geometric parameters of two beams

梁类型	缩比内容	原型梁尺寸/ mm	缩比试验梁尺寸/mm
	跨度	6000	2000
框架结构梁A	箍筋间距	200	70
	截面尺寸	350×600	117×200
	跨度	6000	2000
高层结构梁B	箍筋间距	200	70
	截面尺寸	250×500	83×167

图1 梁A和B的尺寸及配筋情况

Fig.1 Dimensions and reinforcement of Beams A and B

图2 温压炸药的自由场超压试验测点分布示意图

Fig.2 Measuring points distribution of overpressure test for thermobaric explosive in the free field

图3 试验装置及装药布置

Fig.3 Testing device and charge arrangement

表2 钢筋混凝土梁的试验工况

Table 2 Test conditions of reinforced concrete beams

构件编号	构件尺寸/mm	配筋参数	爆距/m	药量/kg	比例爆距/(m·kg^-1/3)
A1	83×167×2000	截面配筋率1.2% 受压钢筋2ϕ6mm 受拉钢筋4ϕ6mm 箍筋ϕ6mm@70mm	0.75	2	0.595
A2			0.50	2	0.397
A3			0.40	2	0.317
A4			0.30	2	0.238
A5			0.50	3	0.347
A6			0.40	3	0.277
A7			0.20	1	0.200
B1	117×200×2000	截面配筋率1.2% 受压钢筋4ϕ6mm 受拉钢筋6ϕ6mm 箍筋ϕ6mm@70mm	0.40	2	0.317
B2			0.30	2	0.238
B3			0.20	2	0.158
B4			0.40	3	0.277

图4 温压炸药自由场冲击波超压时程曲线

Fig.4 Shock wave propagation of thermobaric explosive in the free field

图5 温压炸药超压峰值与TNT炸药理论计算值对比

Fig.5 Comparison between the peak overpressure of thermostatic explosive and the theoretically calculated value of TNT

图6 温压炸药正压作用时间与理论值对比

Fig.6 Comparison between the positive pressure action time of thermostatic explosives and the theoretical value

图7 温压炸药爆炸火球的高速图像

Fig.7 High-speed images of thermobaric explosive explosion fireball

图8 2kg温压炸药爆炸火球表面瞬态温度时程曲线

Fig.8 Transient temperature-time curve on the surface of fireball of 2 kg thermobaric explosive

图9 梁A1~A7整体的毁伤破坏

Fig.9 Overall damage and destruction of Beams A1-A7

图10 梁A4和A6的局部裂纹特征

Fig.10 Local crack characteristics of Beams A4 and A6

图11 梁B1~B4整体的毁伤破坏

Fig.11 Overall damage and destruction of Beams B1-B4

表3 梁A1~A7的毁伤参数

Table 3 Damage parameters of Beams A1-A7

编号	药量/kg	爆距/m	比例爆距/ (m·kg^-1/3)	迎爆面破坏区长度/mm	背爆面震塌区长度/mm	纵向破坏深度/mm	跨中挠度/ mm	钢筋裸露长度/ mm	裂纹数量
A1	2	0.75	0.595	0	0	0	2	0	2
A2	2	0.50	0.397	224	0	50	5	0	6
A3	2	0.40	0.317	243	0	80	11	50	6
A4	2	0.30	0.238	353	431	167	23	200	8
A5	3	0.50	0.347	240	300	167	45	210	10
A6	3	0.40	0.277	360	520	167	120	420	10
A7	1	0.20	0.200	320	360	167	75	260	8

表4 梁B1~B4的毁伤参数

Table 4 Damage parameters of Beams B1-B4

编号	药量/kg	爆距/m	比例爆距/ (m·kg^-1/3)	迎爆面破坏区长度/mm	背爆面震塌区长度/mm	纵向破坏深度/mm	跨中挠度/ mm	钢筋裸露长度/mm	裂纹数量
B1	2	0.4	0.317	227	0	85	10	0	4
B2	2	0.3	0.238	293	500	200	15	310	6
B3	2	0.2	0.158	382	510	200	25	410	6
B4	3	0.4	0.277	370	470	200	90	330	12

图12 梁A和B在不同比例爆距下的毁伤参数变化

Fig.12 Variation of damage parameters of Beams A and B in different scaled distance

图13 不同药量下A、B梁的挠度随比例爆距的变化规律

Fig.13 Variation law of deflection with scaled distances of Beams A and B under different equivalents

图14 梁构件的破坏形态示意图

Fig.14 Destructive morphology of the beam

图15 挠度随比例爆距和药量的变化规律及破坏程度分布

Fig.15 Variation law of eflection with the scaled distance and the amount of change and the distribution of damage degree

表5 温压炸药爆炸近区钢筋混凝土梁的毁伤判据

Table 5 Damage criterion of reinforced concrete beams under close-in blast laoding of of thermobaric explosives

药量/kg	比例爆距Z/(m·kg^-1/3)	混凝土破碎	裂纹开展	钢筋弯曲变形	挠跨比/%	破坏程度
2	Z≥0.317	小面积脱落	少量细小裂纹	无裸露	≤0.5	轻度破坏
1,2	0.158≤Z<0.317	背爆面震塌	细小裂纹或少量大裂纹	裸露但无明显变形	≤3.9	中度破坏
3	0.317<Z≤0.347	背爆面震塌	细小裂纹或少量大裂纹	裸露但无明显变形	≤3.9	中度破坏
3	Z≤0.317	整块脱落	大裂纹或贯穿裂纹	裸露且弯曲变形	>3.9	重度破坏

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